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We find that large language models (LLMs) are more likely to modify human-written text than AI-generated text when tasked with rewriting. This tendency arises because LLMs often perceive AI-generated text as high-quality, leading to fewer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Chengzhi Mao , Carl Vondrick , Hao Wang , Junfeng Yang

In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs). While their practical applications are now widespread, their potential for misuse, such as generating fake news and committing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Kaito Taguchi , Yujie Gu , Kouichi Sakurai

The burgeoning progress in the field of Large Language Models (LLMs) heralds significant benefits due to their unparalleled capacities. However, it is critical to acknowledge the potential misuse of these models, which could give rise to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Haolan Zhan , Xuanli He , Qiongkai Xu , Yuxiang Wu , Pontus Stenetorp

The efficacy of detectors for texts generated by large language models (LLMs) substantially depends on the availability of large-scale training data. However, white-box zero-shot detectors, which require no such data, are limited by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Junchao Wu , Runzhe Zhan , Derek F. Wong , Shu Yang , Xuebo Liu , Lidia S. Chao , Min Zhang

The rising popularity of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about machine-generated text (MGT), particularly in academic settings, where issues like plagiarism and misinformation are prevalent. As a result, developing a highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yule Liu , Zhiyuan Zhong , Yifan Liao , Zhen Sun , Jingyi Zheng , Jiaheng Wei , Qingyuan Gong , Fenghua Tong , Yang Chen , Yang Zhang , Xinlei He

AI-text detectors achieve high accuracy on in-domain benchmarks, but often struggle to generalize across different generation conditions such as unseen prompts, model families, or domains. While prior work has reported these generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yuxi Xia , Kinga Stańczak , Benjamin Roth

The rise of LLMs (Large Language Models) has contributed to the improved performance and development of cutting-edge NLP applications. However, these can also pose risks when used maliciously, such as spreading fake news, harmful content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Lucía Yan Wu , Isabel Segura-Bedmar

With the rapid development and widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs), the use of Machine-Generated Text (MGT) has become increasingly common, bringing with it potential risks, especially in terms of quality and integrity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Qihui Zhang , Chujie Gao , Dongping Chen , Yue Huang , Yixin Huang , Zhenyang Sun , Shilin Zhang , Weiye Li , Zhengyan Fu , Yao Wan , Lichao Sun

We introduce Ghostbuster, a state-of-the-art system for detecting AI-generated text. Our method works by passing documents through a series of weaker language models, running a structured search over possible combinations of their features,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Vivek Verma , Eve Fleisig , Nicholas Tomlin , Dan Klein

Generative AI offers a simple, prompt-based alternative to fine-tuning smaller BERT-style LLMs for text classification tasks. This promises to eliminate the need for manually labeled training data and task-specific model training. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Martin Juan José Bucher , Marco Martini

The rapid development research of Large Language Models (LLMs) based on transformer architectures raises key challenges, one of them being the task of distinguishing between human-written text and LLM-generated text. As LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Trieu Hai Nguyen , Sivaswamy Akilesh

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) may enable artificial intelligence (AI) models to generate writing that is identical to human written form in the future. This might have profound ethical, legal, and social…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Nuzhat Prova

The misuse of large language models (LLMs) poses potential risks, motivating the development of machine-generated text (MGT) detection. Existing literature primarily concentrates on binary, document-level detection, thereby neglecting texts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zhixiong Su , Yichen Wang , Herun Wan , Zhaohan Zhang , Minnan Luo

We consider the problem of distinguishing human-written creative fiction (excerpts from novels) from similar text generated by an LLM. Our results show that, while human observers perform poorly (near chance levels) on this binary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Minerva Suvanto , Andrea McGlinchey , Mattias Wahde , Peter J Barclay

The growing use of large language models (LLMs) for text generation has led to widespread concerns about AI-generated content detection. However, an overlooked challenge is AI-polished text, where human-written content undergoes subtle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Shoumik Saha , Soheil Feizi

Detecting text generated by large language models (LLMs) is of great recent interest. With zero-shot methods like DetectGPT, detection capabilities have reached impressive levels. However, the reliability of existing detectors in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Junchao Wu , Runzhe Zhan , Derek F. Wong , Shu Yang , Xinyi Yang , Yulin Yuan , Lidia S. Chao

Text classification is fundamental in Natural Language Processing (NLP), and the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized the field. This paper introduces an adaptable and reliable text classification paradigm, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Zhiqiang Wang , Yiran Pang , Yanbin Lin , Xingquan Zhu

Since the proliferation of LLMs, there have been concerns about their misuse for harmful content creation and spreading. Recent studies justify such fears, providing evidence of LLM vulnerabilities and high potential of their misuse. Humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Dominik Macko , Robert Moro , Ivan Srba

Large Language Models (LLMs) have attained human-level fluency in text generation, which complicates the distinguishing between human-written and LLM-generated texts. This increases the risk of misuse and highlights the need for reliable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zheng Chen , Yushi Feng , Jisheng Dang , Yue Deng , Changyang He , Hongxi Pu , Haoxuan Li , Bo Li

Growing amount and quality of AI-generated texts makes detecting such content more difficult. In most real-world scenarios, the domain (style and topic) of generated data and the generator model are not known in advance. In this work, we…