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Verification and validation of autonomous driving (AD) systems and components is of increasing importance, as such technology increases in real-world prevalence. Safety-critical scenario generation is a key approach to robustify AD policies…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Benjamin Stoler , Ingrid Navarro , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh

System-level test, or SLT, is an increasingly important process step in today's integrated circuit testing flows. Broadly speaking, SLT aims at executing functional workloads in operational modes. In this paper, we consolidate available…

The verification and validation of autonomous driving vehicles remains a major challenge due to the high complexity of autonomous driving functions. Scenario-based testing is a promising method for validating such a complex system.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Maximilian Zipfl , Nina Koch , J. Marius Zöllner

Accurate representation of procedures in restricted scenarios, such as non-standardized scientific experiments, requires precise depiction of constraints. Unfortunately, Domain-specific Language (DSL), as an effective tool to express…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yu-Zhe Shi , Haofei Hou , Zhangqian Bi , Fanxu Meng , Xiang Wei , Lecheng Ruan , Qining Wang

Current social navigation methods and benchmarks primarily focus on proxemics and task efficiency. While these factors are important, qualitative aspects such as perceptions of a robot's social competence are equally crucial for successful…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Shashank Rao Marpally , Pranav Goyal , Harold Soh

Supervised Causal Learning (SCL) has shown promise in causal discovery by framing it as a supervised learning problem. However, it suffers from significant out-of-distribution generalization challenges. We reveal three limitations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zizhen Deng , Jiaru Zhang , Rui Ding , Huang Bojun , Jinzhuo Wang , Qiang Fu , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Assessing scenario coverage is crucial for evaluating the robustness of autonomous agents, yet existing methods rely on expensive human annotations or computationally intensive Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). These approaches are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Anil Yildiz , Sarah M. Thornton , Carl Hildebrandt , Sreeja Roy-Singh , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

[Context&Motivation]Due to the managerial ,operational and evolutionary independence of constituent systems (CSs) in a System of Systems (SoS) context, top-down and linear requirements engineering (RE) approaches are insufficient. RE…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Carsten Wiecher , Joel Greenyer , Carsten Wolff , Harald Anacker , Roman Dumitrescu

Robot world model representations are a vital part of robotic applications. However, there is no support for such representations in model-driven engineering tool chains. This work proposes a novel Domain Specific Language (DSL) for robotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2014-08-04 Sebastian Blumenthal , Herman Bruyninckx

This article summarizes the research progress of scenario-based testing and development technology for autonomous vehicles. We systematically analyzed previous research works and proposed the definition of scenario, the elements of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Xiaoyi Li

System-Level Test (SLT) has been a part of the test flow for integrated circuits for over a decade and still gains importance. However, no systematic approaches exist for test program generation, especially targeting non-functional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Denis Schwachhofer , Peter Domanski , Steffen Becker , Stefan Wagner , Matthias Sauer , Dirk Pflüger , Ilia Polian

Ensuring and validating the safe operation of automated vehicles are key challenges for their market launch. Scenario-based development and test approaches are currently being pursued as possible solutions. An essential prerequisite for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Markus Steimle , Till Menzel , Markus Maurer

Testing and evaluation is a critical step in the development and deployment of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), and yet there is no systematic framework to generate testing scenario library. This study aims to provide a general…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Shuo Feng , Yiheng Feng , Chunhui Yu , Yi Zhang , Henry X. Liu

Modern highly automated and autonomous traffic systems and subsystems require new approaches to test their functional safety in the context of validation and verification. One approach that has taken a leading role in current research is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-23 David Reiher , Axel Hahn

Safely interacting with humans is a significant challenge for autonomous driving. The performance of this interaction depends on machine learning-based modules of an autopilot, such as perception, behavior prediction, and planning. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Jay Shenoy , Edward Kim , Xiangyu Yue , Taesung Park , Daniel Fremont , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Sanjit Seshia

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) require extensive testing in simulation, but test case generation for driving scenarios is laborious. The desired scenarios are often out-of-distribution and have precise requirements on interactions with the AV…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Frieda Rong , Chris Zhang , Kelvin Wong , Raquel Urtasun

Simulation-based testing has become a crucial complement to road testing for ensuring the safety of cyber physical systems (CPS). As a result, significant research efforts have been directed toward identifying failure scenarios within…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Edward Kim , Devan Shanker , Varun Bharadwaj , Hongbeen Park , Jinkyu Kim , Hazem Torfah , Daniel J Fremont , Sanjit A Seshia

Ensuring the safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) remains a critical challenge, as traditional verification methods such as large-scale on-road testing are prohibitively costly and time-consuming.To address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ji Zhou , Yongqi Zhao , Yixian Hu , Hexuan Li , Zhengguo Gu , Nan Xu , Arno Eichberger

Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) have seen rapid progress in recent years. To ensure the safety and reliability of these systems, extensive testings are being conducted before their future mass deployment. Testing the system on the road is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ziyuan Zhong , Yun Tang , Yuan Zhou , Vania de Oliveira Neves , Yang Liu , Baishakhi Ray

Behavior prediction remains one of the most challenging tasks in the autonomous vehicle (AV) software stack. Forecasting the future trajectories of nearby agents plays a critical role in ensuring road safety, as it equips AVs with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Francis Indaheng , Edward Kim , Kesav Viswanadha , Jay Shenoy , Jinkyu Kim , Daniel J. Fremont , Sanjit A. Seshia