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Radon and its progenies are significant sources of background in rare event detection experiments, including dark matter searches like the PandaX-4T experiment and other rare decay studies such as neutrinoless double beta decay (NLDBD). In…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-07-02 Yuan Wu , Lin Si , Zhicheng Qian , Youhui Yun , Yue Meng , Jianglai Liu , Zhixing Gao , Hao Wang , Liangyu Wu , Yuanzi Liang

Radioactive radon atoms originating from the long-lived primordial $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ and $^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ decay chains are constantly emanated from the surfaces of most materials. The radon atoms and their radioactive daughter isotopes…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-01-30 D. Wiebe , S. Lindemann , M. Schumann

Rare event searches such as neutrinoless double beta decay and Weakly Interacting Massive Particle detection require ultra-low background detectors. Radon contamination is a significant challenge for these experiments, which employ highly…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-08-11 nEXO Collaboration , A. Anker , P. A. Breur , B. Mong , P. Acharya , A. Amy , E. Angelico , I. J. Arnquist , A. Atencio , J. Bane , V. Belov , E. P. Bernard , T. Bhatta , A. Bolotnikov , J. Breslin , J. P. Brodsky , S. Bron , E. Brown , T. Brunner , B. Burnell , E. Caden , L. Q. Cao , G. F. Cao , D. Cesmecioglu , D. Chernyak , M. Chiu , R. Collister , T. Daniels , L. Darroch , R. DeVoe , M. L. di Vacri , Y. Y. Ding , M. J. Dolinski , A. Dragone , B. Eckert , M. Elbeltagi , A. Emara , W. Fairbank , N. Fatemighomi , B. Foust , Y. S. Fu , D. Gallacher , N. Gallice , G. Giacomini , W. Gillis , A. Gorham , R. Gornea , G. Gratta , Y. D. Guan , C. A. Hardy , S. Hedges , M. Heffner , E. Hein , J. D. Holt , A. Iverson , X. S. Jiang , A. Karelin , D. Keblbeck , I. Kotov , A. Kuchenkov , K. S. Kumar , A. Larson , M. B. Latif , K. G. Leach , B. G. Lenardo , A. Lennarz , D. S. Leonard , K. Leung , H. Lewis , G. Li , X. Li , Z. Li , C. Licciardi , R. Lindsay , R. MacLellan , S. Majidi , C. Malbrunot , M. Marquis , J. Masbou , M. Medina-Peregrina , S. Mngonyama , D. C. Moore , X. E. Ngwadla , K. Ni , A. Nolan , S. C. Nowicki , J. C. Nzobadila Ondze , A. Odian , J. L. Orrell , G. S. Ortega , C. T. Overman , L. Pagani , H. Peltz Smalley , A. Perna , A. Piepke , A. Pocar , V. Radeka , E. Raguzin , R. Rai , H. Rasiwala , D. Ray , S. Rescia , F. Retiére , G. Richardson , N. Rocco , R. Ross , P. C. Rowson , R. Saldanha , S. Sangiorgio , S. Sekula , T. Shetty , L. Si , F. Spadoni , V. Stekhanov , X. L. Sun , S. Thibado , T. Totev , S. Triambak , R. H. M. Tsang , O. A. Tyuka , E. van Bruggen , M. Vidal , S. Viel , M. Walent , H. Wang , Q. D. Wang , Y. G. Wang , M. Watts , M. Wehrfritz , W. Wei , L. J. Wen , U. Wichoski , S. Wilde , M. Worcester , X. M. Wu , H. Xu , H. B. Yang , L. Yang , M. Yu , O. Zeldovich , J. Zhao

Radon emanation was projected to account for $>50$% of the electron recoil background in the WIMP region of interest for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment. To mitigate the amount of radon inside the detector volume, materials with inherently…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-11-23 N. I. Chott , R. W. Schnee

We construct a high sensitivity radon pilot detector using liquid scintillator dissolved radon for the CDEX rare-event searches program. The CDEX-10 project employs a germanium detector array immersed in a massive liquid nitrogen tank.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-05-16 Qian-Yun Li , Ming-Xuan Li , Ren-Ming-Jie Li , Shin-Ted Lin , Shu-Kui Liu , Chang-Jian Tang , Hao-Yang Xing , Jing-Jun Zhu , Qian Yue , Li-Tao Yang

Measuring radon emanation from detector materials is a key method for controlling radon, a significant background in rare-event physics experiments. Methods for measuring radon emanation are well-established but have predominantly focused…

The continuous emanation of radon due to trace amounts of uranium and thorium in detector materials introduces radon to the active detection volume of low-background rare event search detectors. $^{222}$Rn produces a particularly…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-06-08 M. Arthurs , D. Q. Huang , C. Amarasinghe , E. Miller , W. Lorenzon

The radioactive noble gas radon can be a serious background source in the underground particle physics experiments studying processes that deposit energy comparable to its decay products. Low energy solar neutrino measurements at…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-10-12 Y. Nakano , T. Hokama , M. Matsubara , M. Miwa , M. Nakahata , T. Nakamura , H. Sekiya , Y. Takeuchi , S. Tasaka , R. A. Wendell

The DEAP-1 \SI{7}{kg} single phase liquid argon scintillation detector was operated underground at SNOLAB in order to test the techniques and measure the backgrounds inherent to single phase detection, in support of the \mbox{DEAP-3600}…

This article describes a radon emanation measurement technique using liquid scintillator counting. A model for radon loading and transport is described, along with its calibration. Detector background and blank have been studied and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-01-30 A. B. M. R. Sazzad , P. Acharya , P. Back , J. Busenitz , D. Chernyak , Y. Meng , A. Piepke , C. A. Rhyne , R. Tsang

The noble elements, argon and xenon, are frequently employed as the target and event detector for weakly interacting particles such as neutrinos and Dark Matter. For such rare processes, background radiation must be carefully minimized.…

Radon gas emanating from materials is of interest in environmental science and also a major concern in rare event non-accelerator particle physics experiments such as dark matter and double beta decay searches, where it is a major source of…

Radon-222 is a limiting background in many leading dark matter and low energy neutrino experiments. One way to mitigate Radon-222 is to fill external experimental components with a clean cover gas such as N2. At the SNOLAB facility in…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-01-28 N. Fatemighomi , Y. Ahmed , S. M. A. Hussain , J. Lu , A. Pearson , J. Suys

Radon and radon daughters pose significant backgrounds to rare-event searching experiments. Activated carbon, which has very strong adsorption capacity for radon, can be used for radon removal and radon enrichment. The internal $^{226}$Ra…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-02-16 Y. Y. Chen , Y. P. Zhang , Y. Liu , J. C. Liu , C. Guo , P. Zhang , S. K. Qiu , C. G. Yang , Q. Tang

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is a next generation, model independent, large scale tritium beta-decay experiment to determine the effective electron anti-neutrino mass by investigating the kinematics of tritium…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2011-10-04 F. M. Fränkle , L. Bornschein , G. Drexlin , F. Glück , S. Görhardt , W. Käfer , S. Mertens , N. Wandkowsky , J. Wolf

The amount of radioactive impurities contaminated in the detector gases is required to be kept at a very low level for rare event particle physics such as dark matter and neutrino observation experiments. Zeolite is a well-known class of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-11-27 Hiroshi Ogawa , Kenta Iyoki , Minoru Matsukura , Toru Wakihara , Ko Abe , Kentaro Miuchi , Saori Umehara

The XENONnT experiment has achieved an exceptionally low $^\text{222}$Rn activity concentration within its inner 5.9$\,$tonne liquid xenon detector of (0.90$\,\pm\,$0.01$\,$stat.$\,\pm\,$0.07 sys.)$\,\mu$Bq/kg, equivalent to about 430…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-04-28 E. Aprile , J. Aalbers , K. Abe , S. Ahmed Maouloud , L. Althueser , B. Andrieu , E. Angelino , D. Antón Martin , F. Arneodo , L. Baudis , M. Bazyk , L. Bellagamba , R. Biondi , A. Bismark , K. Boese , A. Brown , G. Bruno , R. Budnik , C. Cai , C. Capelli , J. M. R. Cardoso , A. P. Cimental Chávez , A. P. Colijn , J. Conrad , J. J. Cuenca-García , V. D'Andrea , L. C. Daniel Garcia , M. P. Decowski , A. Deisting , C. Di Donato , P. Di Gangi , S. Diglio , K. Eitel , S. el Morabit , A. Elykov , A. D. Ferella , C. Ferrari , H. Fischer , T. Flehmke , M. Flierman , W. Fulgione , C. Fuselli , P. Gaemers , R. Gaior , M. Galloway , F. Gao , S. Ghosh , R. Giacomobono , R. Glade-Beucke , L. Grandi , J. Grigat , H. Guan , M. Guida , P. Gyorgy , R. Hammann , A. Higuera , C. Hils , L. Hoetzsch , N. F. Hood , M. Iacovacci , Y. Itow , J. Jakob , F. Joerg , Y. Kaminaga , M. Kara , P. Kavrigin , S. Kazama , P. Kharbanda , M. Kobayashi , D. Koke , A. Kopec , H. Landsman , R. F. Lang , L. Levinson , I. Li , S. Li , S. Liang , Z. Liang , Y. -T. Lin , S. Lindemann , M. Lindner , K. Liu , M. Liu , J. Loizeau , F. Lombardi , J. Long , J. A. M. Lopes , T. Luce , Y. Ma , C. Macolino , J. Mahlstedt , A. Mancuso , L. Manenti , F. Marignetti , T. Marrodán Undagoitia , K. Martens , J. Masbou , E. Masson , S. Mastroianni , A. Melchiorre , J. Merz , M. Messina , A. Michael , K. Miuchi , A. Molinario , S. Moriyama , K. Morå , Y. Mosbacher , M. Murra , J. Müller , K. Ni , U. Oberlack , B. Paetsch , Y. Pan , Q. Pellegrini , R. Peres , C. Peters , J. Pienaar , M. Pierre , G. Plante , T. R. Pollmann , L. Principe , J. Qi , J. Qin , D. Ramírez García , M. Rajado , R. Singh , L. Sanchez , J. M. F. dos Santos , I. Sarnoff , G. Sartorelli , J. Schreiner , D. Schulte , P. Schulte , H. Schulze Eißing , M. Schumann , L. Scotto Lavina , M. Selvi , F. Semeria , P. Shagin , S. Shi , J. Shi , M. Silva , H. Simgen , C. Szyszka , A. Takeda , Y. Takeuchi , P. -L. Tan , D. Thers , F. Toschi , G. Trinchero , C. D. Tunnell , F. Tönnies , K. Valerius , S. Vecchi , S. Vetter , F. I. Villazon Solar , G. Volta , C. Weinheimer , M. Weiss , D. Wenz , C. Wittweg , V. H. S. Wu , Y. Xing , D. Xu , Z. Xu , M. Yamashita , L. Yang , J. Ye , L. Yuan , G. Zavattini , M. Zhong

A potential background for the SuperCDMS SNOLAB dark matter experiment is from radon daughters that have plated out onto detector surfaces. To reach desired backgrounds, understanding plate-out rates during detector fabrication as well as…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-01-17 J. Street , R. Bunker , E. H. Miller , R. W. Schnee , S. Snyder , J. So

The decay of common radioactive gases, such as radon, produces stable isotopes by a sequence of daughter particles with varied half-lives. These daughter particles are a significant source of gamma, neutron, and alpha particle backgrounds…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-09-02 M. Bruemmer , M. Nakib , R. Calkins , J. Cooley , S. Sekula

An important background in detectors using liquid xenon for rare event searches arises from the decays of radon and its daughters. We report for the first time a reduction of $^{222}$Rn in the gas phase above a liquid xenon reservoir. We…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-04-05 S. Bruenner , D. Cichon , S. Lindemann , T. Marrodán Undagoitia , H. Simgen
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