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Related papers: CBARA: Covariate-Balanced-and-Adjusted Response-Ad…

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Under covariate shift, training (source) data and testing (target) data differ in input space distribution, but share the same conditional label distribution. This poses a challenging machine learning task. Robust Bias-Aware (RBA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-01 Anqi Liu , Rizal Fathony , Brian D. Ziebart

Quantum key distribution (QKD) security fundamentally relies on the ability to distinguish genuine quantum correlations from classical eavesdropper simulations, yet existing certification methods lack rigorous statistical guarantees under…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Davut Emre Tasar , Ceren Ocal Tasar

This paper studies inference in two-stage randomized experiments under covariate-adaptive randomization. In the initial stage of this experimental design, clusters (e.g., households, schools, or graph partitions) are stratified and randomly…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-16 Jizhou Liu

Randomized experiments have become important tools in empirical research. In a completely randomized treatment-control experiment, the simple difference in means of the outcome is unbiased for the average treatment effect, and covariate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Lihua Lei , Peng Ding

Covariate adjustment can enhance precision and power in clinical trials, yet its application to the win odds remains unclear. The win odds is an extension of the win ratio that counts ties as half a win for the treatment and the control…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-08 Cyrill Scheidegger , Simon Wandel , Tobias Mütze

Maximizing statistical power in experimental design often involves imbalanced treatment allocation, but several challenges hinder its practical adoption: (1) the misconception that equal allocation always maximizes power, (2) when only…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-17 Stef Baas , Lukas Pin , Sofía S. Villar , William F. Rosenberger

Given two sets of variables, derived from a common set of samples, sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) seeks linear combinations of a small number of variables in each set, such that the induced canonical variables are maximally…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-05-31 Megasthenis Asteris , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Oluwasanmi Koyejo , Russell Poldrack

We develop a new method to fit the multivariate response linear regression model that exploits a parametric link between the regression coefficient matrix and the error covariance matrix. Specifically, we assume that the correlations…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-09 Aaron J. Molstad , Guangwei Weng , Charles R. Doss , Adam J. Rothman

Randomized experiments have been the gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of a treatment or policy. The classical complete randomization approach assigns treatments based on a prespecified probability and may lead to inefficient…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-26 Waverly Wei , Xinwei Ma , Jingshen Wang

Understanding the dose-response relation between a continuous treatment and the outcome for an individual can greatly drive decision-making, particularly in areas like personalized drug dosing and personalized healthcare interventions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jarne Verhaeghe , Jef Jonkers , Sofie Van Hoecke

Analyses of randomised trials are often based on regression models which adjust for baseline covariates, in addition to randomised group. Based on such models, one can obtain estimates of the marginal mean outcome for the population under…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-07-17 Jonathan W. Bartlett

A common concern in observational studies focuses on properly evaluating the causal effect, which usually refers to the average treatment effect or the average treatment effect on the treated. In this paper, we propose a data preprocessing…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-12 Xialing Wen , Ying Yan , Wenliang Pan , Xianyang Zhang

This article proposes a Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) strategy to achieve fixed-time convergence of parameter estimation and tracking errors for unknown linear time-invariant systems, without relying on the persistence of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Chayan Kumar Paul , Krishanu Nath , Indra Narayan Kar , Denis Efimov , Rosane Ushirobira

Semi-competing risks data arise when both non-terminal and terminal events are considered in a model. Such data with multiple events of interest are frequently encountered in medical research and clinical trials. In this framework, terminal…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-21 Fatemeh Mahmoudi , Xuewen Lu

We consider the simultaneous clustering of rows and columns of a matrix and more particularly the ability to measure the agreement between two co-clustering partitions. The new criterion we developed is based on the Adjusted Rand Index and…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-16 Valerie Robert , Yann Vasseur , Vincent Brault

Ascertaining causal direction from observational data is a fundamental challenge in scientific inquiry. Of particular interest is the problem of covariate-adjusted bivariate causal discovery, i.e., determining the causal direction between X…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-30 Soumik Purkayastha , Peter X. -K. Song

We propose a novel method for enforcing AI fairness with respect to protected or sensitive factors. This method uses a dual strategy performing training and representation alteration (TARA) for the mitigation of prominent causes of AI bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 William Paul , Armin Hadzic , Neil Joshi , Fady Alajaji , Phil Burlina

Randomized experiments are the gold standard for estimating the average treatment effect (ATE). While covariate adjustment can reduce the asymptotic variances of the unbiased Horvitz-Thompson estimators for the ATE, it suffers from…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-22 Xin Lu , Lei Shi , Hanzhong Liu , Peng Ding

The ability to generalize experimental results from randomized control trials (RCTs) across locations is crucial for informing policy decisions in targeted regions. Such generalization is often hindered by the lack of identifiability due to…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-12-10 Xinkun Nie , Guido Imbens , Stefan Wager

The first step towards investigating the effectiveness of a treatment via a randomized trial is to split the population into control and treatment groups then compare the average response of the treatment group receiving the treatment to…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-08-30 Hossein Babaei , Sina Alemohammad , Richard Baraniuk