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Related papers: CBARA: Covariate-Balanced-and-Adjusted Response-Ad…

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Ordering the expected outcomes across a collection of clusters after performing a covariate adjustment commonly arises in many applied settings, such as healthcare provider evaluation. Regression parameters in such covariate adjustment…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-21 Nicholas C. Henderson , Nicholas Hartman

In observational studies, weighting methods that directly optimize the balance between treatment and covariates have received much attention lately; however these have mainly focused on binary treatments. Inspired by domain adaptation, we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-27 Guillaume Martinet

It is common to conduct causal inference in matched observational studies by proceeding as though treatment assignments within matched sets are assigned uniformly at random and using this distribution as the basis for inference. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-14 Samuel D. Pimentel , Yaxuan Huang

We introduce a new randomization procedure for experiments based on the cube method, which achieves near-exact covariate balance. This ensures compliance with standard balance tests and allows for balancing on many covariates, enabling more…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-21 Laurent Davezies , Guillaume Hollard , Pedro Vergara Merino

Background: Subgroup analyses are frequently conducted in randomized clinical trials to assess evidence of heterogeneous treatment effect across patient subpopulations. Although randomization balances covariates within subgroups in…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-27 Siyun Yang , Fan Li , Laine E. Thomas , Fan Li

Optimal adaptive bitrate (ABR) decision depends on a comprehensive characterization of state transitions that involve interrelated modalities over time including environmental observations, returns, and actions. However, state-of-the-art…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-22 Bowei Xu , Hao Chen , Zhan Ma

Covariate adjustment aims to improve the statistical efficiency of randomized trials by incorporating information from baseline covariates. Popular methods for covariate adjustment include analysis of covariance for continuous endpoints and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-09 Zhiwei Zhang , Ya Wang , Dong Xi

Matching is a widely used causal inference design that aims to approximate a randomized experiment using observational data by forming matched sets of treated and control units based on similarities in their covariates. Ideally, treated…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-06 Jianan Zhu , Jeffrey Zhang , Zijian Guo , Siyu Heng

Response-Adaptive Randomization (RAR) is recognized for its potential to deliver improvements in patient benefit. However, the utility of RAR is contingent on regularization methods to mitigate early instability and preserve statistical…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-27 Lukas Pin , Stef Baas , Gianmarco Caruso , David S. Robertson , Sofía S. Villar

The majority of response-adaptive randomisation (RAR) designs in the literature rely on efficacy data to guide dynamic patient allocation. However, their applicability becomes limited in settings where efficacy outcomes, such as survival,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-23 Maria Vittoria Chiaruttini , Lukas Pin , Sofia S. Villar

In recent years, real-world external controls have grown in popularity as a tool to empower randomized placebo-controlled trials, particularly in rare diseases or cases where balanced randomization is unethical or impractical. However, as…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-14 Chenyin Gao , Shu Yang , Mingyang Shan , Wenyu Ye , Ilya Lipkovich , Douglas Faries

We propose some extensions to semi-parametric models based on Bayesian additive regression trees (BART). In the semi-parametric BART paradigm, the response variable is approximated by a linear predictor and a BART model, where the linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-10 Estevão B. Prado , Andrew C. Parnell , Keefe Murphy , Nathan McJames , Ann O'Shea , Rafael A. Moral

Response-adaptive randomisation (RAR) can considerably improve the chances of a successful treatment outcome for patients in a clinical trial by skewing the allocation probability towards better performing treatments as data accumulates.…

Applications · Statistics 2017-03-14 Sofia S. Villar , Jack Bowden , James Wason

The survey experiment is widely used in economics and social sciences to evaluate the effects of treatments or programs. In a standard population-based survey experiment, the experimenter randomly draws experimental units from a target…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 Pengfei Tian , Jiyang Ren , Yingying Ma

In randomized clinical trials, adjusting for baseline covariates can improve credibility and efficiency for demonstrating and quantifying treatment effects. This article studies the augmented inverse propensity weighted (AIPW) estimator,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-27 Marlena S. Bannick , Jun Shao , Jingyi Liu , Yu Du , Yanyao Yi , Ting Ye

We present an optimized rerandomization design procedure for a non-sequential treatment-control experiment. Randomized experiments are the gold standard for finding causal effects in nature. But sometimes random assignments result in…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-26 Adam Kapelner , Abba M. Krieger , Michael Sklar , David Azriel

Although response-adaptive randomisation (RAR) has gained substantial attention in the literature, it still has limited use in clinical trials. Amongst other reasons, the implementation of RAR in real world trials raises important practical…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-16 Rajenki Das , Nina Deliu , Mark Toshner , Sofía S Villar

Covariance tapering is a popular approach for reducing the computational cost of spatial prediction and parameter estimation for Gaussian process models. However, tapering can have poor performance when the process is sampled at spatially…

Computation · Statistics 2016-02-22 David Bolin , Jonas Wallin

We propose novel estimators for categorical and continuous treatments by using an optimal covariate balancing strategy for inverse probability weighting. The resulting estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-08 Seong-ho Lee , Yanyuan Ma , Xavier de Luna

The treatment assignment mechanism in a randomized clinical trial can be optimized for statistical efficiency within a specified class of randomization mechanisms. Optimal designs of this type have been characterized in terms of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-03 Wei Zhang , Zhiwei Zhang , Aiyi Liu