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For human drivers, having rear and side-view mirrors is vital for safe driving. They deliver a more complete view of what is happening around the car. Human drivers also heavily exploit their mental map for navigation. Nonetheless, several…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Simon Hecker , Dengxin Dai , Luc Van Gool

The autonomous driving community has witnessed a rapid growth in approaches that embrace an end-to-end algorithm framework, utilizing raw sensor input to generate vehicle motion plans, instead of concentrating on individual tasks such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Li Chen , Penghao Wu , Kashyap Chitta , Bernhard Jaeger , Andreas Geiger , Hongyang Li

To navigate safely in urban environments, an autonomous vehicle (ego vehicle) must understand and anticipate its surroundings, in particular the behavior and intents of other road users (neighbors). Most of the times, multiple decision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Thibault Buhet , Emilie Wirbel , Andrei Bursuc , Xavier Perrotton

How can we reliably simulate future driving scenarios under a wide range of ego driving behaviors? Recent driving world models, developed exclusively on real-world driving data composed mainly of safe expert trajectories, struggle to follow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiazhi Yang , Kashyap Chitta , Shenyuan Gao , Long Chen , Yuqian Shao , Xiaosong Jia , Hongyang Li , Andreas Geiger , Xiangyu Yue , Li Chen

End-to-end autonomous driving has achieved remarkable progress by integrating perception, prediction, and planning into a fully differentiable framework. Yet, to fully realize its potential, an effective online trajectory evaluation is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Yingyan Li , Yuqi Wang , Yang Liu , Jiawei He , Lue Fan , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Recent studies have explored leveraging the world knowledge and cognitive capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to address the long-tail problem in end-to-end autonomous driving. However, existing methods typically formulate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yongkang Li , Kaixin Xiong , Xiangyu Guo , Fang Li , Sixu Yan , Gangwei Xu , Lijun Zhou , Long Chen , Haiyang Sun , Bing Wang , Kun Ma , Guang Chen , Hangjun Ye , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

In this paper, we present a novel end-to-end deep neural network model for autonomous driving that takes monocular image sequence as input, and directly generates the steering control angle. Firstly, we model the end-to-end driving problem…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Peng Wan , Zhenbo Song , Jianfeng Lu

Predicting the future trajectories of on-road vehicles is critical for autonomous driving. In this paper, we introduce a novel prediction framework called PRIME, which stands for Prediction with Model-based Planning. Unlike recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Haoran Song , Di Luan , Wenchao Ding , Michael Yu Wang , Qifeng Chen

End-to-end autonomous driving increasingly leverages self-supervised video pretraining to learn transferable planning representations. However, pretraining video world models for scene understanding has so far brought only limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Linhan Wang , Zichong Yang , Chen Bai , Guoxiang Zhang , Xiaotong Liu , Xiaoyin Zheng , Xiao-Xiao Long , Chang-Tien Lu , Cheng Lu

Advanced end-to-end autonomous driving systems predict other vehicles' motions and plan ego vehicle's trajectory. The world model that can foresee the outcome of the trajectory has been used to evaluate the autonomous driving system.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jian Zhu , Zhengyu Jia , Tian Gao , Jiaxin Deng , Shidi Li , Lang Zhang , Fu Liu , Peng Jia , Xianpeng Lang

Recently, world models have made significant progress in enhancing end-to-end driving systems through both future situation forecasting and improved scene understanding. However, existing driving world models are typically built upon dense…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruoyu Wang , Jingke Wang , Yukai Ma , Yuehao Huang , Shuangming Lei , Guanglin Xu , Aixue Ye , Yong Liu

Planning the trajectory of the controlled ego vehicle is a key challenge in automated driving. As for human drivers, predicting the motions of surrounding vehicles is important to plan the own actions. Recent motion prediction methods…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Steffen Hagedorn , Marcel Milich , Alexandru P. Condurache

World model-based searching and planning are widely recognized as a promising path toward human-level physical intelligence. However, current driving world models primarily rely on video diffusion models, which specialize in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Yuntao Chen , Yuqi Wang , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Modular design of planning-oriented autonomous driving has markedly advanced end-to-end systems. However, existing architectures remain constrained by an over-reliance on ego status, hindering generalization and robust scene understanding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jiacheng Tang , Mingyue Feng , Jiachao Liu , Yaonong Wang , Jian Pu

Prediction, decision-making, and motion planning are essential for autonomous driving. In most contemporary works, they are considered as individual modules or combined into a multi-task learning paradigm with a shared backbone but separate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Pengqin Wang , Meixin Zhu , Hongliang Lu , Hui Zhong , Xianda Chen , Shaojie Shen , Xuesong Wang , Yinhai Wang

An intelligent agent operating in the real-world must balance achieving its goal with maintaining the safety and comfort of not only itself, but also other participants within the surrounding scene. This requires jointly reasoning about the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Jerry Liu , Wenyuan Zeng , Raquel Urtasun , Ersin Yumer

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising framework for end-to-end autonomous driving. However, existing VLAs typically rely on sparse action supervision, which underutilizes their powerful scene understanding and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Xiaodong Mei , Diankun Zhang , Hongwei Xie , Guang Chen , Hangjun Ye , Dan Xu

End-to-end autonomous driving has received increasing attention due to its potential to learn from large amounts of data. However, most existing methods are still open-loop and suffer from weak scalability, lack of high-order interactions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Wenzhao Zheng , Zetian Xia , Yuanhui Huang , Sicheng Zuo , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Modern end-to-end autonomous driving systems suffer from a critical limitation: their planners lack mechanisms to enforce temporal consistency between predicted trajectories and evolving scene dynamics. This absence of self-supervision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Jintao Sun , Hu Zhang , Gangyi Ding , Zhedong Zheng

In recent years, vision-based end-to-end autonomous driving has emerged as a new paradigm. However, popular end-to-end approaches typically rely on visual feature extraction networks trained under label supervision. This limited supervision…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ling Niu , Xiaoji Zheng , Han Wang , Chen Zheng , Ziyuan Yang , Bokui Chen , Jiangtao Gong