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With the growth of mobile devices and applications, the number of malicious software, or malware, is rapidly increasing in recent years, which calls for the development of advanced and effective malware detection approaches. Traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Rui Zhu , Chenglin Li , Di Niu , Hongwen Zhang , Husam Kinawi

The escalating sophistication of Android malware poses significant challenges to traditional detection methods, necessitating innovative approaches that can efficiently identify and classify threats with high precision. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Safayat Bin Hakim , Muhammad Adil , Kamal Acharya , Houbing Herbert Song

The rising use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to create and disseminate malware poses a significant cybersecurity challenge due to their ability to generate and distribute attacks with ease. A single prompt can initiate a wide array of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Jamal Al-Karaki , Muhammad Al-Zafar Khan , Marwan Omar

Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has emerged as a promising inference scaling method for Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning. However, it frequently suffers from belief entrenchment, where agents reinforce shared errors rather than correcting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jihwan Oh , Minchan Jeong , Jongwoo Ko , Se-Young Yun

Machine learning-based Android malware classifiers achieve high accuracy in stationary environments but struggle with concept drift. The rapid evolution of malware, especially with new families, can depress classification accuracy to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Yiling He , Junchi Lei , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren , Chun Chen

We report the findings of a reimplementation of 18 foundational studies in feature-based machine learning for Android malware detection, published during the period 2013-2023. These studies are reevaluated on a level playing field using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Ali Muzaffar , Hani Ragab Hassen , Hind Zantout , Michael A Lones

Automating the detection of EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) violations in source code is a critical but underexplored challenge. We introduce \textbf{GDPR-Bench-Android}, the first comprehensive benchmark for evaluating diverse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Huaijin Ran , Haoyi Zhang , Xunzhu Tang

Android is undergoing unprecedented malicious threats daily, but the existing methods for malware detection often fail to cope with evolving camouflage in malware. To address this issue, we present HAWK, a new malware detection framework…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Yiming Hei , Renyu Yang , Hao Peng , Lihong Wang , Xiaolin Xu , Jianwei Liu , Hong Liu , Jie Xu , Lichao Sun

Autonomous agents have become increasingly important for interacting with the real world. Android agents, in particular, have been recently a frequently-mentioned interaction method. However, existing studies for training and evaluating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yifan Xu , Xiao Liu , Xueqiao Sun , Siyi Cheng , Hao Yu , Hanyu Lai , Shudan Zhang , Dan Zhang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Machine Learning (ML) promises to enhance the efficacy of Android Malware Detection (AMD); however, ML models are vulnerable to realistic evasion attacks--crafting realizable Adversarial Examples (AEs) that satisfy Android malware domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Hamid Bostani , Zhengyu Zhao , Zhuoran Liu , Veelasha Moonsamy

Machine Learning (ML) techniques can facilitate the automation of malicious software (malware for short) detection, but suffer from evasion attacks. Many studies counter such attacks in heuristic manners, lacking theoretical guarantees and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Deqiang Li , Shicheng Cui , Yun Li , Jia Xu , Fu Xiao , Shouhuai Xu

Machine Learning (ML)-based detectors are becoming essential to counter the proliferation of malware. However, common ML algorithms are not designed to cope with the dynamic nature of real-world settings, where both legitimate and malicious…

Large Language Model (LLM)-powered Multi-agent systems (MAS) have achieved state-of-the-art results on various complex reasoning tasks. Recent works have proposed techniques to automate the design of MASes, eliminating the need for manual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Bohan Yao , Shiva Krishna Reddy Malay , Vikas Yadav

Deep learning has emerged as a promising technology for achieving Android malware detection. To further unleash its detection potentials, software visualization can be integrated for analyzing the details of app behaviors clearly. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhaoyi Meng , Jiale Zhang , Jiaqi Guo , Wansen Wang , Wenchao Huang , Jie Cui , Hong Zhong , Yan Xiong

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, which attempt to elicit harmful responses from LLMs. The evolving nature and diversity of these attacks pose many challenges for defense systems, including (1) adaptation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Guangyu Yang , Jinghong Chen , Jingbiao Mei , Weizhe Lin , Bill Byrne

With over 50 billion downloads and more than 1.3 million apps in the Google official market, Android has continued to gain popularity amongst smartphone users worldwide. At the same time there has been a rise in malware targeting the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-03 Suleiman Y. Yerima , Sakir Sezer , Igor Muttik

Hit identification is a central challenge in early drug discovery, traditionally requiring substantial experimental resources. Recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly large language models (LLMs), have enabled virtual…

In the past decade, the cyber-crime related to mobile devices has increased. Mobile devices, especially the ones running on Android operating system are particularly interesting to malware creators, as the users often keep the biggest…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Nikola Milosevic , Junfan Huang

The pervasiveness of the Android operating system, with the availability of applications almost for everything, is readily accessible in the official Google play store or a dozen alternative third-party markets. Additionally, the vital role…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Abdelmonim Naway , Yuancheng LI

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and its widespread integration into mobile software applications have received significant attention, highlighting the growing prominence of AI capabilities in modern software systems.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Pei Liu , Terry Zhuo , Jiawei Deng , Thong James , Shidong Pan , Sherry Xu , Zhenchang Xing , Qinghua Lu , Xiaoning Du , Hongyu Zhang