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Device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) can permit the superior security even with unknown devices. In practice, however, the realization of device-independent QKD is technically challenging because of its low noise tolerance. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-22 Feihu Xu , Yu-Zhe Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

The fabrication of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems typically involves several parties, thus providing Eve with multiple opportunities to meddle with the devices. As a consequence, conventional hardware and/or software hacking attacks…

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) provides a model of quantum key distribution with minimal assumptions and highly abstract theoretical building blocks. Although DIQKD frees us from detailed discussions of specific device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Andreas Bluhm , Gereon Koßmann , René Schwonnek

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) provides a method for secret communication whose security does not rely on trusted measurement devices. In all existing MDI-QKD protocols, the participant Charlie has to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-15 Guang Ping He

We here present the rate analysis and a proof of principle realization of a device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol requiring the lowest detection efficiency necessary to achieve a secure key compared to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-08 Giuseppe Vallone , Alberto Dall'Arche , Marco Tomasin , Paolo Villoresi

Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-MDI-QKD) can remove all potential detector side-channel attacks and the requirement of real-time alignment of reference frames. However, all previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Jian-Rong Zhu , Chun-Mei Zhang , Qin Wang

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) provides us a powerful approach to resist all attacks at detection side. Besides the unconditional security, people also seek for high key generation rate, but MDI-QKD has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-22 Yu-Fei Yan , Lan Zhou , Wei Zhong , Yu-Bo Sheng

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that allows secure key exchange between two distant users. A widespread adoption of QKD requires the development of simple, low-cost, and stable systems. However, implementation of the current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 Di Ma , Xin Liu , Chunfeng Huang , Huasheng Chen , Huanbin Lin , Kejin Wei

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), utilizes continuous variables encoding such as the quadra-ture components of the quantized electromagnetic field and coherent detection decoding, offering good compatibility with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Pu Wang , Yan Tian , Yongmin Li

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD), based on two-photon interference, is immune to all attacks against the detection system and allows a QKD network with untrusted relays. Since the MDI-QKD protocol was…

We discuss quantum key distribution protocols and their security analysis, considering a receiver-device-independent (RDI) model. The sender's (Alice's) device is partially characterized, in the sense that we assume bounds on the overlaps…

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) is the art of using untrusted devices to distribute secret keys in an insecure network. It thus represents the ultimate form of cryptography, offering not only information-theoretic…

We present a general model on the simulation of the measurement-device independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD). It can be used to predict experimental observations of a MDI-QKD with linear channel loss, simulating corresponding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-03 Qin Wang , Xiang-Bin Wang

Digital signatures play an important role in software distribution, modern communication and financial transactions, where it is important to detect forgery and tampering. Signatures are a cryptographic technique for validating the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-25 Ittoop Vergheese Puthoor , Ryan Amiri , Petros Wallden , Marcos Curty , Erika Andersson

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) protocol is immune to all attacks on detection and guarantees the information-theoretical security even with imperfect single photon detectors. Recently, several…

One-sided device-independent quantum key distribution (1SDI-QKD) offers a practical middle ground between fully device-independent protocols and standard QKD, achieving security with detection efficiencies as low as 50.1\% on the untrusted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Syed M Arslan , Muhammad T Rahim , Asad Ali , Hashir Kuniyil , Saif Al Kuwari

While measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two trusted parties to establish a shared secret key from a distance without needing to trust a central detection node, their quantum sources must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 J. Eli Bourassa , Amita Gnanapandithan , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo

We present protocols for quantum key distribution in a prepare-and-measure setup with an asymmetric level of trust. While the device of the sender (Alice) is partially characterized, the receiver's (Bob's) device is treated as a black-box.…

We present a practical method that can make quantum key distribution (QKD), for the first time, both ultra-long-distance and immune to all attacks in the detection system. This method is an important extension of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-22 Feihu Xu , Bing Qi , Zhongfa Liao , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Advances in quantum computing are a rapidly growing threat towards modern cryptography. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides long-term security without assuming the computational power of an adversary. However, inconsistencies between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-18 Henry Semenenko , Philip Sibson , Mark G. Thompson , Chris Erven