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Related papers: Training Transformers as a Universal Computer

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Universality is a key hypothesis in mechanistic interpretability -- that different models learn similar features and circuits when trained on similar tasks. In this work, we study the universality hypothesis by examining how small neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Bilal Chughtai , Lawrence Chan , Neel Nanda

Modern machine learning requires system designers to specify aspects of the learning pipeline, such as losses, architectures, and optimizers. Meta-learning, or learning-to-learn, instead aims to learn those aspects, and promises to unlock…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Louis Kirsch , James Harrison , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein , Luke Metz

Recent advances in hardware and big data acquisition have accelerated the development of deep learning techniques. For an extended period of time, increasing the model complexity has led to performance improvements for various tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Damian Owerko , Charilaos I. Kanatsoulis , Jennifer Bondarchuk , Donald J. Bucci , Alejandro Ribeiro

While transformers excel in many settings, their application in the field of automated planning is limited. Prior work like PlanGPT, a state-of-the-art decoder-only transformer, struggles with extrapolation from easy to hard planning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Markus Fritzsche , Elliot Gestrin , Jendrik Seipp

Parameter-efficient transfer learning (PETL), i.e., fine-tuning a small portion of parameters, is an effective strategy for adapting pre-trained models to downstream domains. To further reduce the memory demand, recent PETL works focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Haiwen Diao , Bo Wan , Ying Zhang , Xu Jia , Huchuan Lu , Long Chen

Transformer large language models (LLMs) have sparked admiration for their exceptional performance on tasks that demand intricate multi-step reasoning. Yet, these models simultaneously show failures on surprisingly trivial problems. This…

We introduce PrivPy, a practical privacy-preserving collaborative computation framework, especially optimized for machine learning tasks. PrivPy provides an easy-to-use and highly compatible Python programming front-end which supports…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Yi Li , Yitao Duan , Yu Yu , Shuoyao Zhao , Wei Xu

The quadratic complexity of self-attention prevents transformers from scaling effectively to long input sequences. On the other hand, modern GPUs and other specialized hardware accelerators are well-optimized for processing small input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Hantao Yu , Josh Alman

We exhaustively explore the reprogrammability capabilities and the intrinsic universality of the Cartesian product $P \times C$ of the space $P$ of all possible computer programs of increasing size and the space $C$ of all possible…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Jürgen Riedel , Hector Zenil

Vision language tasks, such as answering questions about or generating captions that describe an image, are difficult tasks for computers to perform. A relatively recent body of research has adapted the pretrained transformer architecture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Clayton Fields , Casey Kennington

Memoryless computation is a new technique to compute any function of a set of registers by updating one register at a time while using no memory. Its aim is to emulate how computations are performed in modern cores, since they typically…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-10-23 Peter J. Cameron , Ben Fairbairn , Maximilien Gadouleau

Despite the demonstrated empirical efficacy of prompt tuning to adapt a pretrained language model for a new task, the theoretical underpinnings of the difference between "tuning parameters before the input" against "the tuning of model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Yihan Wang , Jatin Chauhan , Wei Wang , Cho-Jui Hsieh

A simple sparse coding mechanism appears in the sensory systems of several organisms: to a coarse approximation, an input $x \in \R^d$ is mapped to much higher dimension $m \gg d$ by a random linear transformation, and is then sparsified by…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Sanjoy Dasgupta , Christopher Tosh

Training machine learning algorithms is a computationally intensive process, which is frequently memory-bound due to repeatedly accessing large training datasets. As a result, processor-centric systems (e.g., CPU, GPU) suffer from costly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Juan Gómez-Luna , Yuxin Guo , Sylvan Brocard , Julien Legriel , Remy Cimadomo , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Gagandeep Singh , Onur Mutlu

We explore an approach to verification of programs via program transformation applied to an interpreter of a programming language. A specialization technique known as Turchin's supercompilation is used to specialize some interpreters with…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-08-31 Alexei P. Lisitsa , Andrei P. Nemytykh

Mathematical expressions were generated, evaluated and used to train neural network models based on the transformer architecture. The expressions and their targets were analyzed as a character-level sequence transduction task in which the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Artit Wangperawong

We explore an approach to verification of programs via program transformation applied to an interpreter of a programming language. A specialization technique known as Turchin's supercompilation is used to specialize some interpreters with…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-05-22 Alexei P. Lisitsa , Andrei P. Nemytykh

Scaling transformers has led to significant breakthroughs in many domains, leading to a paradigm in which larger versions of existing models are trained and released on a periodic basis. New instances of such models are typically trained…

Can Transformers predict new syllogisms by composing established ones? More generally, what type of targets can be learned by such models from scratch? Recent works show that Transformers can be Turing-complete in terms of expressivity, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Emmanuel Abbe , Samy Bengio , Aryo Lotfi , Colin Sandon , Omid Saremi

Transformers are ubiquitous models in the natural language processing (NLP) community and have shown impressive empirical successes in the past few years. However, little is understood about how they reason and the limits of their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Michael Rizvi , Maude Lizaire , Clara Lacroce , Guillaume Rabusseau