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As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance and gain influence, the development of embodied AI has accelerated, drawing significant attention, particularly in navigation scenarios. Embodied navigation requires an agent to perceive,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Zixia Wang , Jia Hu , Ronghui Mu

When do machine learning systems fail to generalize, and what mechanisms could improve their generalization? Here, we draw inspiration from cognitive science to argue that one weakness of parametric machine learning systems is their failure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Andrew Kyle Lampinen , Martin Engelcke , Yuxuan Li , Arslan Chaudhry , James L. McClelland

Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) requires agents to follow natural language instructions in partially observed 3D environments, motivating map representations that aggregate spatial context beyond local perception. However, most existing…

Recent work studies the cognitive capabilities of language models through psychological tests designed for humans. While these studies are helpful for understanding the general capabilities of these models, there is no guarantee that a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Lingjun Zhao , Khanh Nguyen , Hal Daumé

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) is the task that requires an agent to navigate through the environment based on natural language instructions. At each step, the agent takes the next action by selecting from a set of navigable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Jialu Li , Mohit Bansal

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires an agent to follow natural-language instructions and navigate through previously unseen environments. Recent approaches increasingly employ large language models (LLMs) as high-level navigators…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Shutian Gu , Chengkai Huang , Ruoyu Wang , Lina Yao

In this paper, we propose GTA-VLA(Guide, Think, Act), an interactive Vision-Language-Action (VLA) framework that enables spatially steerable embodied reasoning by allowing users to guide robot policies with explicit visual cues. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yiran Ling , Qing Lian , Jinghang Li , Qing Jiang , Tianming Zhang , Xiaoke Jiang , Chuanxiu Liu , Jie Liu , Lei Zhang

Autonomous robots deal with unexpected scenarios in real environments. Given input images, various visual perception tasks can be performed, e.g., semantic segmentation, depth estimation and normal estimation. These different tasks provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Boyang Sun , Jiaxu Xing , Hermann Blum , Roland Siegwart , Cesar Cadena

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) poses significant challenges for agents to interpret natural language instructions and navigate complex 3D environments. While recent progress has been driven by large-scale pre-training and data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tianyi Ma , Yue Zhang , Zehao Wang , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN), where an agent follows instructions to reach a target destination, has recently seen significant advancements. In contrast to navigation in discrete environments with predefined trajectories, VLN in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Guangzhao Dai , Jian Zhao , Yuantao Chen , Yusen Qin , Hao Zhao , Guosen Xie , Yazhou Yao , Xiangbo Shu , Xuelong Li

The Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) task entails an agent following navigational instruction in photo-realistic unknown environments. This challenging task demands that the agent be aware of which instruction was completed, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Chih-Yao Ma , Jiasen Lu , Zuxuan Wu , Ghassan AlRegib , Zsolt Kira , Richard Socher , Caiming Xiong

Embodied agents face a fundamental limitation: once deployed in real-world environments, they cannot easily acquire new knowledge to improve task performance. In this paper, we propose Dejavu, a general post-deployment learning framework…

We address the problem of learning to assign prediction tasks to one agent from a set of available human or AI agents. In particular, we focus on the sequential learning of agent expertise and assignment policies where each agent is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Shang Wu , Saatvik Kher , Padhraic Smyth

Robot behavior policies trained via imitation learning are prone to failure under conditions that deviate from their training data. Thus, algorithms that monitor learned policies at test time and provide early warnings of failure are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Christopher Agia , Rohan Sinha , Jingyun Yang , Zi-ang Cao , Rika Antonova , Marco Pavone , Jeannette Bohg

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) in continuous environments requires agents to interpret natural language instructions while navigating unconstrained 3D spaces. Existing VLN-CE frameworks rely on a two-stage approach: a waypoint…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Xiangyu Shi , Zerui Li , Wenqi Lyu , Jiatong Xia , Feras Dayoub , Yanyuan Qiao , Qi Wu

As deep learning continues to make progress for challenging perception tasks, there is increased interest in combining vision, language, and decision-making. Specifically, the Vision and Language Navigation (VLN) task involves navigating to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-06 Chih-Yao Ma , Zuxuan Wu , Ghassan AlRegib , Caiming Xiong , Zsolt Kira

In this work we concentrate on the task of goal-oriented Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN). Existing methods often make decisions based on historical information, overlooking the future implications and long-term outcomes of the actions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Peiran Xu , Xicheng Gong , Yadong MU

We study lifelong visual perception in an embodied setup, where we develop new models and compare various agents that navigate in buildings and occasionally request annotations which, in turn, are used to refine their visual perception…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 David Nilsson , Aleksis Pirinen , Erik Gärtner , Cristian Sminchisescu

Learning to navigate in a visual environment following natural-language instructions is a challenging task, because the multimodal inputs to the agent are highly variable, and the training data on a new task is often limited. In this paper,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Weituo Hao , Chunyuan Li , Xiujun Li , Lawrence Carin , Jianfeng Gao

Navigation is an essential ability for mobile agents to be completely autonomous and able to perform complex actions. However, the problem of navigation for agents with limited (or no) perception of the world, or devoid of a fully defined…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Danilo Perico , Paulo E. Santos , Reinaldo Bianchi