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Related papers: What Makes Good Instruction-Tuning Data? An In-Con…

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We aim to select data subsets for the fine-tuning of large language models to more effectively follow instructions. Prior work has emphasized the importance of diversity in dataset curation but relied on heuristics such as the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Peiqi Wang , Yikang Shen , Zhen Guo , Matthew Stallone , Yoon Kim , Polina Golland , Rameswar Panda

Good models require good training data. For overparameterized deep models, the causal relationship between training data and model predictions is increasingly opaque and poorly understood. Influence analysis partially demystifies training's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zayd Hammoudeh , Daniel Lowd

Instruction tuning is critical to improve LLMs but usually suffers from low-quality and redundant data. Data filtering for instruction tuning has proved important in improving both the efficiency and performance of the tuning process. But…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ming Li , Yong Zhang , Shwai He , Zhitao Li , Hongyu Zhao , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Tianyi Zhou

As model context lengths continue to increase, the number of demonstrations that can be provided in-context approaches the size of entire training datasets. We study the behavior of in-context learning (ICL) at this extreme scale on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Amanda Bertsch , Maor Ivgi , Emily Xiao , Uri Alon , Jonathan Berant , Matthew R. Gormley , Graham Neubig

Instruction tuning has become the de facto method to equip large language models (LLMs) with the ability of following user instructions. Usually, hundreds of thousands or millions of instruction-following pairs are employed to fine-tune the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Qianlong Du , Chengqing Zong , Jiajun Zhang

Dataset distillation condenses large datasets into synthetic subsets, achieving performance comparable to training on the full dataset while substantially reducing storage and computation costs. Most existing dataset distillation methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Qiyan Deng , Changqian Zheng , Lianpeng Qiao , Yuping Wang , Chengliang Chai , Lei Cao

In-Context Learning (ICL) is a technique by which language models make predictions based on examples provided in their input context. Previously, their context window size imposed a limit on the number of examples that can be shown, making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Jinheon Baek , Sun Jae Lee , Prakhar Gupta , Geunseob Oh , Siddharth Dalmia , Prateek Kolhar

In-context learning with attention enables large neural networks to make context-specific predictions by selectively focusing on relevant examples. Here, we adapt this idea to supervised learning procedures such as lasso regression and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-11 Erin Craig , Robert Tibshirani

We investigate training strategies that co-develop in-context learning (ICL) and in-weights learning (IWL), and the ability to switch between them based on context relevance. Although current LLMs exhibit both modes, standard task-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Deeptanshu Malu , Deevyanshu Malu , Aditya Nemiwal , Sunita Sarawagi

In continual instruction tuning (CIT) scenarios, where new instruction tuning data continuously arrive in an online streaming manner, training delays from large-scale data significantly hinder real-time adaptation. Data selection can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Minjae Lee , Minhyuk Seo , Tingyu Qu , Tinne Tuytelaars , Jonghyun Choi

Instruction tuning, a new learning paradigm that fine-tunes pre-trained language models on tasks specified through instructions, has shown promising zero-shot performance on various natural language processing tasks. However, it has yet to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Zhiyang Xu , Ying Shen , Lifu Huang

Large language models exhibit a remarkable capacity for in-context learning, where they learn to solve tasks given a few examples. Recent work has shown that transformers can be trained to perform simple regression tasks in-context. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Hrayr Harutyunyan , Rafayel Darbinyan , Samvel Karapetyan , Hrant Khachatrian

Large language models demonstrate a remarkable capability for learning to solve new tasks from a few examples. The prompt template, or the way the input examples are formatted to obtain the prompt, is an important yet often overlooked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Anton Voronov , Lena Wolf , Max Ryabinin

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as an effective approach to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs). However, its effectiveness varies significantly across models and tasks, posing challenges for practitioners to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Dingzriui Wang , Xuanliang Zhang , Keyan Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che , Yang Deng

Large-scale models trained on broad data have recently become the mainstream architecture in computer vision due to their strong generalization performance. In this paper, the main focus is on an emergent ability in large vision models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Yuanhan Zhang , Kaiyang Zhou , Ziwei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in general scenarios. Instruction finetuning empowers them to align with humans in various tasks. Nevertheless, the Diversity and Quality of the instruction data remain two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xingyuan Pan , Luyang Huang , Liyan Kang , Zhicheng Liu , Yu Lu , Shanbo Cheng

We are interested in learning robust models from insufficient data, without the need for any externally pre-trained checkpoints. First, compared to sufficient data, we show why insufficient data renders the model more easily biased to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Tan Wang , Qianru Sun , Sugiri Pranata , Karlekar Jayashree , Hanwang Zhang

In-context learning (ICL) performs tasks by prompting a large language model (LLM) using an instruction and a small set of annotated examples called demonstrations. Recent work has shown that precise details of the inputs used in the ICL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Anirudh Ajith , Chris Pan , Mengzhou Xia , Ameet Deshpande , Karthik Narasimhan

A standard practice when using large language models is for users to supplement their instruction with an input context containing new information for the model to process. However, models struggle to reliably follow the input context,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Sachin Goyal , Christina Baek , J. Zico Kolter , Aditi Raghunathan

Large language models (LLMs) enable in-context learning (ICL) by conditioning on a few labeled training examples as a text-based prompt, eliminating the need for parameter updates and achieving competitive performance. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jianing Wang , Chengyu Wang , Chuanqi Tan , Jun Huang , Ming Gao