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Visual Question Answering (VQA) with multiple choice questions enables a vision-centric evaluation of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Although it reliably checks the existence of specific visual abilities, it is easier for the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Manu Gaur , Darshan Singh S , Makarand Tapaswi

Scaling Visual Question Answering (VQA) to the open-domain and multi-hop nature of web searches, requires fundamental advances in visual representation learning, knowledge aggregation, and language generation. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Yingshan Chang , Mridu Narang , Hisami Suzuki , Guihong Cao , Jianfeng Gao , Yonatan Bisk

Existing benchmarks for visual question answering lack in visual grounding and complexity, particularly in evaluating spatial reasoning skills. We introduce FlowVQA, a novel benchmark aimed at assessing the capabilities of visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Shubhankar Singh , Purvi Chaurasia , Yerram Varun , Pranshu Pandya , Vatsal Gupta , Vivek Gupta , Dan Roth

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) that integrate vision and language modalities has unlocked new potentials for scientific reasoning, outperforming prior benchmarks in both natural language and coding domains.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Sifan Wu , Huan Zhang , Yizhan Li , Farshid Effaty , Amirreza Ataei , Bang Liu

Establishing a clear link between model predictions and the visual evidence that supports them is critical for transparency and reliability in multimodal reasoning, yet current multimodal large language model (MLLM) evaluations do not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Mozhgan Nasr Azadani , Yimu Wang , Yongpeng Zhu , Lihong Chen , Milan Ganai , Sean Sedwards , Marco Pavone , Krzysztof Czarnecki

Recent advances in multimodal question answering have primarily focused on combining heterogeneous modalities or fine-tuning multimodal large language models. While these approaches have shown strong performance, they often rely on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Krishna Singh Rajput , Tejas Anvekar , Chitta Baral , Vivek Gupta

The increasing application of multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) across various sectors have spotlighted the essence of their output reliability and accuracy, particularly their ability to produce content grounded in factual…

Visual Question Answering (VQA) often involves diverse reasoning scenarios across Vision and Language (V&L). Most prior VQA studies, however, have merely focused on assessing the model's overall accuracy without evaluating it on different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jihyung Kil , Farideh Tavazoee , Dongyeop Kang , Joo-Kyung Kim

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become a powerful tool for integrating visual and textual information. Despite their exceptional performance on visual understanding benchmarks, measuring their ability to reason abstractly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Nilay Yilmaz , Maitreya Patel , Yiran Lawrence Luo , Tejas Gokhale , Chitta Baral , Suren Jayasuriya , Yezhou Yang

We introduce WorldVQA, a benchmark designed to evaluate the atomic visual world knowledge of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Unlike current evaluations, which often conflate visual knowledge retrieval with reasoning, WorldVQA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Runjie Zhou , Youbo Shao , Haoyu Lu , Bowei Xing , Tongtong Bai , Yujie Chen , Jie Zhao , Lin Sui , Haotian Yao , Zijia Zhao , Hao Yang , Haoning Wu , Zaida Zhou , Jinguo Zhu , Zhiqi Huang , Yiping Bao , Yangyang Liu , Y. Charles , Xinyu Zhou

With advances in multimodal research and deep learning, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for a wide range of multimodal tasks. As a core problem in vision-language research, Visual Question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Quanxing Xu , Ling Zhou , Xian Zhong , Xiaohua Huang , Rubing Huang , Chia-Wen Lin

Technical reports and articles often contain valuable information in the form of semi-structured data like charts, and figures. Interpreting these and using the information from them is essential for downstream tasks such as question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Prahitha Movva , Naga Harshita Marupaka

Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various VQA tasks. However, they often lack interpretability and struggle with complex visual inputs, especially when the resolution of the input image is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Hao Shao , Shengju Qian , Han Xiao , Guanglu Song , Zhuofan Zong , Letian Wang , Yu Liu , Hongsheng Li

Visual Question Answering (VQA), as the representative multimodal task, serves as a key benchmark for evaluating the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, existing evaluations largely rely on static…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Quanxing Xu , Yuhao Tian , Ling Zhou , Xian Zhong , Xiaohua Huang , Rubing Huang , Chia-Wen Lin

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is an evolving research field aimed at enabling machines to answer questions about visual content by integrating image and language processing techniques such as feature extraction, object detection, text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ngoc Dung Huynh , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Sunil Aryal , Imran Razzak , Hakim Hacid

Multimodal Large Language Models are increasingly applied to biomedical imaging, yet scientific reasoning for microscopy remains limited by the scarcity of large-scale, high-quality training data. We introduce MicroVQA++, a three-stage,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Manyu Li , Ruian He , Chenxi Ma , Weimin Tan , Bo Yan

Understanding images and text together is an important aspect of cognition and building advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. As a community, we have achieved good benchmarks over language and vision domains separately, however…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Shailaja Keyur Sampat , Yezhou Yang , Chitta Baral

Visual question answering (VQA) is the task of answering questions about an image. The task assumes an understanding of both the image and the question to provide a natural language answer. VQA has gained popularity in recent years due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Deepanway Ghosal , Navonil Majumder , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Rada Mihalcea , Soujanya Poria

Recently, to comprehensively improve Vision Language Models (VLMs) for Visual Question Answering (VQA), several methods have been proposed to further reinforce the inference capabilities of VLMs to independently tackle VQA tasks rather than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Zeqing Wang , Wentao Wan , Qiqing Lao , Runmeng Chen , Minjie Lang , Xiao Wang , Keze Wang , Liang Lin

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong potential for autonomous driving, yet existing benchmarks remain largely ego-centric and therefore cannot systematically assess model performance in infrastructure-centric and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Junwei You , Pei Li , Zhuoyu Jiang , Weizhe Tang , Zilin Huang , Rui Gan , Jiaxi Liu , Yan Zhao , Sikai Chen , Bin Ran