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We derive a general relation between the background effective actions, which directly proves that the two formulations of the Einstein-Hilbert theory with background fields are equivalent at the quantum level. This basic result has been…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-13 F. T. Brandt , J. Frenkel , S. Martins-Filho , D. G. C. McKeon

The first order form of the Yang-Mills and Einstein-Hilbert actions are quantized, and it is shown how Green's functions computed using the first and the second order form of these theories are related. Next we show how by use of Lagrange…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-04-12 F. T. Brandt , J. Frenkel , S. Martins-Filho , D. G. C. McKeon

The first order form of a Maxwell theory and U(1) gauge theory in which a gauge invariant mass term appears is analyzed using the Dirac procedure. The form of the gauge transformation which leaves the action invariant is derived from the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-03 N. Kiriushcheva , S. V. Kuzmin , D. G. C. McKeon

We present a covariant multisymplectic formulation for the Einstein-Hilbert model of General Relativity. As it is described by a second-order singular Lagrangian, this is a gauge field theory with constraints. The use of the unified…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-03-29 Jordi Gaset , Narciso Román-Roy

Recently a new approach in constructing the conserved charges in cosmological Einstein's gravity was given. In this new formulation, instead of using the explicit form of the field equations a covariantly conserved rank four tensor was…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-05-07 Emel Altas

A novel Dirac Hamiltonian formulation of the first order Einstein-Hilbert (EH) action, in which algebraic constraints are not solved to eliminate fields from the action at the Lagrangian level, has been shown to lead to an action and a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-04-07 R. N. Ghalati

Using the Dirac constraint formalism, we examine the canonical structure of the Einstein-Hilbert action $S_d = \frac{1}{16\pi G} \int d^dx \sqrt{-g} R$, treating the metric $g_{\alpha\beta}$ and the symmetric affine connection…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 N. Kiriushcheva , S. V. Kuzmin , D. G. C. McKeon

It is shown that the Hamiltonian of the Einstein affine-metric (first order) formulation of General Relativity (GR) leads to a constraint structure that allows the restoration of its unique gauge invariance, four-diffeomorphism, without the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-02-09 N. Kiriushcheva , S. V. Kuzmin

We consider the Einstein-Cartan theory with the tetrad $e_{\mu}^{a}$ and spin connection $\omega_{\mu ab}$ taken as being independent fields. Diffeomorphism invariance and local Lorentz invariance result in there being two distinct gauge…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-05 F. T. Brandt , J. Frenkel , S. Martins-Filho , D. G. C. McKeon

The dimensionful nature of the coupling in the Einstein-Hilbert action in four dimensions implies that the theory is non-renormalizable; explicit calculation shows that beginning at two loop order, divergences arise that cannot be removed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-08-27 F. T. Brandt , J. Frenkel , D. G. C. McKeon

The first part of the series formulates the Einstein-Cartan theory in the covariant hamiltonian framework. The first section revises the general multisymplectic approach and introduces the notion of the d-jet bundles. Since the whole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-16 Marián Pilc

In a perturbative approach Einstein-Hilbert gravity is quantized about a flat background. In order to render the model power counting renormalizable, higher order curvature terms are added to the action. They serve as Pauli-Villars type…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-13 Steffen Pottel , Klaus Sibold

We revisited the equivalence between the second- and first-order formulations of the Yang-Mills (YM) and gravity using the path integral formalism. We demonstrated that structural identities can be derived to relate Green's functions of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-08 S. Martins-Filho

The Dirac constraint formalism is used to analyze the first order form of the Einstein-Hilbert action in d > 2 dimensions. Unlike previous treatments, this is done without eliminating fields at the outset by solving equations of motion that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-21 D. G. C. McKeon

A Dirac Hamiltonian formulation of d-dimensional Einstein-Hilbert action in first order form, has shown that as well as secondary first class constraints, tertiary first class constraints also arise, with an unusual nonlocal Poisson bracket…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-02-06 R. N. Ghalati

A first-order Lagrangian $L^\nabla $ variationally equivalent to the second-order Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian is introduced. Such a Lagrangian depends on a symmetric linear connection, but the dependence is covariant under diffeomorphisms.…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-06-06 Marco Castrillon Lopez , Jaime Munoz Masque , Eugenia Rosado Maria

We examine the first-order Einstein-Cartan (EC) action in 2+1 dimensions, including a cosmological term and its supersymmetric extension. In this setting the spin connection can be expressed as an axial vector, yielding an action that is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-16 D. G. C. McKeon , F. T. Brandt , J. Frenkel , S. Martins-Filho

A first-order formulation of gravity is developed in which the fundamental fields consist of an SL(2,C) connection and two spinor-valued 1-forms. It is shown that the first term of an expansion of the Einstein-Hilbert action leads to an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-11-06 Nicolas Ivancevic

A challenging issue in General Relativity concerns the determination of the manifestly-covariant continuum Hamiltonian structure underlying the Einstein field equations and the related formulation of the corresponding covariant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-05-24 Claudio Cremaschini , Massimo Tessarotto

A canonical analysis of the first-order two-dimensional Einstein-Hilbert action has shown it to have no physical degrees of freedom and to possess an unusual gauge symmetry with a symmetric field $\xi_{\mu\nu}$ acting as a gauge function.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 D. G. C. McKeon
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