Related papers: Evolving Longitudinal Patient Histories and Re-enr…
We study the problem of learning to choose from m discrete treatment options (e.g., news item or medical drug) the one with best causal effect for a particular instance (e.g., user or patient) where the training data consists of passive…
Early prediction of mortality and length of stay(LOS) of a patient is vital for saving a patient's life and management of hospital resources. Availability of electronic health records(EHR) makes a huge impact on the healthcare domain and…
Therapeutic advancements in oncology have shifted towards targeted therapy based on genomic aberrations. This necessitates innovative statistical approaches in clinical trials, particularly in master protocol studies. Basket trials, a type…
In precision medicine, Dynamic Treatment Regimes (DTRs) are treatment protocols that adapt over time in response to a patient's observed characteristics. A DTR is a set of decision functions that takes an individual patient's information as…
Decision makers, such as doctors and judges, make crucial decisions such as recommending treatments to patients, and granting bails to defendants on a daily basis. Such decisions typically involve weighting the potential benefits of taking…
Design and forecasting of patient enrollment is among the greatest challenges that the clinical research enterprize faces today, as inefficient enrollment can be a major cause of drug development delays. Therefore, the development of the…
There is a constant need for many healthcare programs to timely address problems with infection prevention and control (IP&C). For example, pathogens can be transmitted among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in both the inpatient and…
Sequential multiple assignment randomized trials mimic the actual treatment processes experienced by physicians and patients in clinical settings and inform the comparative effectiveness of dynamic treatment regimes. In such trials,…
Externally controlled trials (ECTs) are increasingly used when randomized controls are infeasible, unethical, or insufficient, including applications in rare diseases, oncology, pediatrics, and post-approval effectiveness research. Although…
Pragmatic randomized trials are designed to provide evidence for clinical decision-making rather than regulatory approval. Common features of these trials include the inclusion of heterogeneous or diverse patient populations in a wide range…
The ICH E9(R1) addendum (2019) proposed principal stratification (PS) as one of five strategies for dealing with intercurrent events. Therefore, understanding the strengths, limitations, and assumptions of PS is important for the broad…
The treatment effect in a specific subgroup is often of interest in randomized clinical trials. When the subgroup is characterized by the absence of certain post-randomization events, a naive analysis on the subset of patients without these…
In many important applications of precision medicine, the outcome of interest is time to an event (e.g., death, relapse of disease) and the primary goal is to identify the optimal individualized decision rule (IDR) to prolong survival time.…
An early phase clinical trial is the first step in evaluating the effects in humans of a potential new anti-disease agent or combination of agents. Usually called "phase I" or "phase I/II" trials, these experiments typically have the…
Longitudinal clinical reasoning over electronic health records requires tracking evolving physiological measurements, laboratory results, and interventions across extended patient trajectories. Existing LLM-based clinical reasoning systems…
Phenotyping is the process of distinguishing groups of patients to identify different types of disease progression. A recent trend employs low-rank matrix and tensor factorization methods for their capability of dealing with multi-modal,…
Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a prevalent condition with profound impacts on functioning and quality of life. While multiple evidence-based treatments exist, they all have modest average treatment effects$\unicode{x2013}$potentially due…
Pilot feasibility studies play a pivotal role in the development of clinical trials for rare diseases, where small populations and slow recruitment often threaten trial viability. While such studies are commonly used to assess operational…
Conventional inclusion criteria used in osteoarthritis clinical trials are not very effective in selecting patients who would benefit from a therapy being tested. Typically majority of selected patients show no or limited disease…
Observational cohort studies are increasingly being used for comparative effectiveness research to assess the safety of therapeutics. Recently, various doubly robust methods have been proposed for average treatment effect estimation by…