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Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into society, from financial services and traffic management to creative writing. Academic literature on the deployment of AI has mostly focused on the risks and harms that result from…

This paper presents a proposal for the governance of frontier AI systems through a hybrid public-private system. Private bodies, authorized and overseen by government, provide certifications to developers of frontier AI systems on an opt-in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Dean W. Ball

Recent advancements in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) establish the basis to address challenging tasks. However, with the integration of AI, new risks arise. Therefore, to benefit from its advantages, it is essential to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Ronald Schnitzer , Andreas Hapfelmeier , Sven Gaube , Sonja Zillner

Generative AI is rapidly moving from research to deployment, elevating the need for responsible development, evaluation, and governance. We conduct a PRISMA guided review of 232 studies (November 2022 - December 2025), spanning large…

As foundation models have accumulated hundreds of millions of users, developers have begun to take steps to prevent harmful types of uses. One salient intervention that foundation model developers adopt is acceptable use policies: legally…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Kevin Klyman

Organizations and governments that develop, deploy, use, and govern AI must coordinate on effective risk mitigation. However, the landscape of AI risk mitigation frameworks is fragmented, uses inconsistent terminology, and has gaps in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Alexander K. Saeri , Sophia Lloyd George , Jess Graham , Clelia D. Lacarriere , Peter Slattery , Michael Noetel , Neil Thompson

As AI agents become more widely deployed, we are likely to see an increasing number of incidents: events involving AI agent use that directly or indirectly cause harm. For example, agents could be prompt-injected to exfiltrate private…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Carson Ezell , Xavier Roberts-Gaal , Alan Chan

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can provide many beneficial capabilities but also risks of adverse events. Some AI systems could present risks of events with very high or catastrophic consequences at societal scale. The US National…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Anthony M. Barrett , Dan Hendrycks , Jessica Newman , Brandie Nonnecke

Recent proposals for regulating frontier AI models have sparked concerns about the cost of safety regulation, and most such regulations have been shelved due to the safety-innovation tradeoff. This paper argues for an alternative regulatory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Shriyash Upadhyay , Chaithanya Bandi , Narmeen Oozeer , Philip Quirke

Agentic AIs $-$ AIs that are capable and permitted to undertake complex actions with little supervision $-$ mark a new frontier in AI capabilities and raise new questions about how to safely create and align such systems with users,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Hayley Clatterbuck , Clinton Castro , Arvo Muñoz Morán

The deployment of AI systems faces three critical governance challenges that current frameworks fail to adequately address. First, organizations struggle with inadequate risk assessment at the use case level, exemplified by the Humana class…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Pamela Gupta

The governance of frontier artificial intelligence (AI) systems--particularly those capable of catastrophic misuse or systemic failure--requires institutional structures that are robust, adaptive, and innovation-preserving. This paper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Nicholas Stetler

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international agreements outline numerous inalienable rights that apply across geopolitical boundaries. As generative AI becomes increasingly prevalent, it poses risks to human rights such…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Vyoma Raman , Camille Chabot , Betsy Popken

Assurance for artificial intelligence (AI) systems remains fragmented across software supply-chain security, adversarial machine learning, and governance documentation. Existing transparency mechanisms - including Model Cards, Datasheets,…

Artificial intelligence systems are now deployed at scale across sectors, accompanied by a growing number of real-world incidents ranging from misinformation and cybercrime to autonomous-system failures. Databases of AI incidents index…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Sophia Abraham , Taiye Chen , Cyril Chhun , Giovanna Jaramillo-Gutierrez , Simon Mylius , Sayash Raaj , Peter Slattery , Sean McGregor

Current frontier AI safety evaluations emphasize static benchmarks, third-party annotations, and red-teaming. In this position paper, we argue that AI safety research should focus on human-centered evaluations that measure harmful…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Michelle Vaccaro , Jaeyoon Song , Abdullah Almaatouq , Michiel A. Bakker

The success of OpenAI's ChatGPT in 2023 has spurred financial enterprises into exploring Generative AI applications to reduce costs or drive revenue within different lines of businesses in the Financial Industry. While these applications…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-03-21 Anwesha Bhattacharyya , Ye Yu , Hanyu Yang , Rahul Singh , Tarun Joshi , Jie Chen , Kiran Yalavarthy

Affordances and permissions are promising and timely safety levers for mitigating Loss of Control (LoC) threats in high-stakes deployment contexts, such as national security. Deployers in defense and intelligence could rely on several…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Matteo Pistillo , Samantha Faraone , Joshua Herman

The rapid proliferation and deployment of General-Purpose AI (GPAI) models, including large language models (LLMs), present unprecedented challenges for AI supervisory entities. We hypothesize that these entities will need to navigate an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Manuel Cebrian , Emilia Gomez , David Fernandez Llorca

When AI interacts with the physical world -- as a robot or an assistive agent -- new safety challenges emerge beyond those of purely ``digital AI". In such interactions, the potential for physical harm is direct and immediate. How well do…