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Personalized instruction aims to provide learners with support that adapts to their individual knowledge and progress toward learning objectives. Discovering and tracing Knowledge Components (KCs) is an important step in building accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Muntasir Hoq , Griffin Pitts , Tirth Bhatt , Aum Pandya , Andrew Lan , Peter Brusilovsky , Bita Akram

Knowledge components (KCs) mapped to problems help model student learning, tracking their mastery levels on fine-grained skills thereby facilitating personalized learning and feedback in online learning platforms. However, crafting and…

Knowledge Components (KCs) linked to assessments enhance the measurement of student learning, enrich analytics, and facilitate adaptivity. However, generating and linking KCs to assessment items requires significant effort and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Steven Moore , Robin Schmucker , Tom Mitchell , John Stamper

Fine-grained skill representations, commonly referred to as knowledge components (KCs), are fundamental to many approaches in student modeling and learning analytics. However, KC-level correctness labels are rarely available in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhangqi Duan , Arnav Kankaria , Dhruv Kartik , Andrew Lan

Knowledge components (KCs) are the fundamental units of knowledge in the field of education. A KC graph illustrates the relationships and dependencies between KCs. An accurate KC graph can assist educators in identifying the root causes of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yuan-Hao Jiang , Kezong Tang , Zi-Wei Chen , Yuang Wei , Tian-Yi Liu , Jiayi Wu

Existing Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) frameworks typically select questions based on the predicted likelihood that the student will answer correctly. This design ignores information contained in students' open-ended responses,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Wanyong Feng , Alexander Scarlatos , Ruochen Sun , Andrew Lan

Current generative knowledge graph construction approaches usually fail to capture structural knowledge by simply flattening natural language into serialized texts or a specification language. However, large generative language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Zhen Bi , Jing Chen , Yinuo Jiang , Feiyu Xiong , Wei Guo , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

We propose a novel conditioned text generation model. It draws inspiration from traditional template-based text generation techniques, where the source provides the content (i.e., what to say), and the template influences how to say it.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Hao Peng , Ankur P. Parikh , Manaal Faruqui , Bhuwan Dhingra , Dipanjan Das

Educational content labeled with proper knowledge components (KCs) are particularly useful to teachers or content organizers. However, manually labeling educational content is labor intensive and error-prone. To address this challenge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Jia Tracy Shen , Michiharu Yamashita , Ethan Prihar , Neil Heffernan , Xintao Wu , Sean McGrew , Dongwon Lee

In the last several years, the field of computer assisted language learning has increasingly focused on computer aided question generation. However, this approach often provides test takers with an exhaustive amount of questions that are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-30 Yi-Ting Huang , Meng Chang Chen , Yeali S. Sun

Creativity, i.e., the process of generating and developing fresh and original ideas or products that are useful or effective, is a valuable skill in a variety of domains. Creativity is called an essential 21st-century skill that should be…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Nasrin Shabani

Personalized recommendation is a key feature of intelligent tutoring systems, typically relying on accurate models of student knowledge. Knowledge Tracing (KT) models enable this by estimating a student's mastery based on their historical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yahya Badran , Christine Preisach

Open-ended coding tasks, which ask students to construct programs according to certain specifications, are common in computer science education. Student modeling can be challenging since their open-ended nature means that student code can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zhangqi Duan , Nigel Fernandez , Alexander Hicks , Andrew Lan

The computing education community has a rich history of pedagogical innovation designed to support students in introductory courses, and to support teachers in facilitating student learning. Very recent advances in artificial intelligence…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results in automatic code generation by improving coding efficiency to a certain extent. However, generating high-quality and reliable code remains a formidable task because of LLMs' lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Xiaoxue Ren , Xinyuan Ye , Dehai Zhao , Zhenchang Xing , Xiaohu Yang

Graph data structures are fundamental for studying connected entities. With an increase in the number of applications where data is represented as graphs, the problem of graph generation has recently become a hot topic. However, despite its…

Content is created for a well-defined purpose, often described by a metric or signal represented in the form of structured information. The relationship between the goal (metrics) of target content and the content itself is non-trivial.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Navita Goyal , Roodram Paneri , Ayush Agarwal , Udit Kalani , Abhilasha Sancheti , Niyati Chhaya

In computer science education, test cases are an integral part of programming assignments since they can be used as assessment items to test students' programming knowledge and provide personalized feedback on student-written code. The goal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Nischal Ashok Kumar , Andrew Lan

Educational Question Generation (EQG) aims to synthesize customized exercise questions that enhance student learning. An effective EQG system should ideally personalize questions for each student by modeling the student's knowledge state…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xinyi Gao , Qiucheng Wu , Lu Ding , Q. Vera Liao , Kaizhi Qian , Ying Xu , Shiyu Chang , Yang Zhang

When humans perform inductive learning, they often enhance the process with background knowledge. With the increasing availability of well-formed collaborative knowledge bases, the performance of learning algorithms could be significantly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Lior Friedman , Shaul Markovitch
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