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We study the problem of building a controller that can follow open-ended instructions in open-world environments. We propose to follow reference videos as instructions, which offer expressive goal specifications while eliminating the need…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Shaofei Cai , Bowei Zhang , Zihao Wang , Xiaojian Ma , Anji Liu , Yitao Liang

Motivational digital systems offer capabilities to engage and motivate end-users to foster behavioral changes towards a common goal. In general these systems use gamification principles in non-games contexts. Over the years, gamification…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Antonio Bucchiarone , Antonio Cicchetti , Nelly Bencomo , Enrica Loria , Annapaola Marconi

LLM-empowered agent simulations are increasingly used to study social emergence, yet the micro-to-macro causal mechanisms behind macro outcomes often remain unclear. This is challenging because emergence arises from intertwined agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiangning Yu , Yuwei Guo , Yuqi Hou , Xiao Xue , Qun Ma

LLM agents with tool access can discover and exploit security vulnerabilities. This is known. What is not known is which features of a system prompt trigger this behaviour, and which do not. We present a systematic taxonomy based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Charafeddine Mouzouni

Companies have considered adoption of various high-level artificial intelligence (AI) principles for responsible AI, but there is less clarity on how to implement these principles as organizational practices. This paper reviews the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Daniel Schiff , Bogdana Rakova , Aladdin Ayesh , Anat Fanti , Michael Lennon

True self-evolution requires agents to act as lifelong learners that internalize novel experiences to solve future problems. However, rigorously measuring this foundational capability is hindered by two obstacles: the entanglement of prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiarui Yuan , Tailin Jin , Weize Chen , Zeyuan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive general-purpose capabilities but also introduce serious safety risks, particularly the potential for deception as models acquire increased agency and human oversight diminishes. In this work,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Matthew Lyle Olson , Neale Ratzlaff , Musashi Hinck , Tri Nguyen , Vasudev Lal , Joseph Campbell , Simon Stepputtis , Shao-Yen Tseng

As LLMs are increasingly deployed as agents, agentic reasoning - the ability to combine tool use, especially search, and reasoning - becomes a critical skill. However, it is hard to disentangle agentic reasoning when evaluated in complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hanlin Zhu , Tianyu Guo , Song Mei , Stuart Russell , Nikhil Ghosh , Alberto Bietti , Jiantao Jiao

Foundation models have become general-purpose assistants, exhibiting diverse capabilities across numerous domains through training on web-scale data. It remains challenging to precisely characterize even a fraction of the full spectrum of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Cong Lu , Shengran Hu , Jeff Clune

Agentic systems have recently emerged as a promising tool to automate literature-based ideation. However, current systems often remain black-box, with limited transparency or control for researchers. Our work introduces TrustResearcher, a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jiawei Zhou , Ruicheng Zhu , Mengshi Chen , Jianwei Wang , Kai Wang

Progress in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) requires challenging benchmarks that assess the limits of current methods. However, existing benchmarks often target narrow short-horizon challenges that do not adequately stress the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Bassel Al Omari , Michael Matthews , Alexander Rutherford , Jakob Nicolaus Foerster

Understanding the decision-making process of Deep Reinforcement Learning agents remains a key challenge for deploying these systems in safety-critical and multi-agent environments. While prior explainability methods like StateMask, have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Maisha Maliha , Dean Hougen

Exploration has been a crucial part of reinforcement learning, yet several important questions concerning exploration efficiency are still not answered satisfactorily by existing analytical frameworks. These questions include exploration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Liangpeng Zhang , Ke Tang , Xin Yao

As LLM agents tackle increasingly complex tasks, a critical question is whether they can maintain strategic coherence over long horizons: planning under uncertainty, learning from delayed feedback, and adapting when early mistakes compound.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Muyu He , Adit Jain , Anand Kumar , Vincent Tu , Soumyadeep Bakshi , Sachin Patro , Nazneen Rajani

Agentic AI in software product development is increasingly adopted by organizations, yet the field lacks a consolidated synthesis of where adoption is mature, which architectural patterns dominate, and what limitations and coping mechanisms…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Spyridon Alvanakis Apostolou , Jan Bosch , Helena Holmström Olsson

Cybersecurity is a relentless arms race, with AI driven offensive systems evolving faster than traditional defenses can adapt. Research and tooling remain fragmented across isolated defensive functions, creating blind spots that adversaries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Mudita Khurana , Raunak Jain

GUI agents powered by LLMs show promise in interacting with diverse digital environments. Among these, video games offer a valuable testbed due to their varied interfaces, with adventure games posing additional challenges through complex,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jaewoo Ahn , Junseo Kim , Heeseung Yun , Jaehyeon Son , Dongmin Park , Jaewoong Cho , Gunhee Kim

We present Plancraft, a multi-modal evaluation dataset for LLM agents. Plancraft has both a text-only and multi-modal interface, based on the Minecraft crafting GUI. We include the Minecraft Wiki to evaluate tool use and Retrieval Augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Gautier Dagan , Frank Keller , Alex Lascarides

Multi-agent LLM frameworks are widely used to accelerate the development of agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs). These frameworks impose distinct architectural structures that govern how agents interact, store information,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Abdelghny Orogat , Ana Rostam , Essam Mansour

When should an autonomous agent commit resources to a task? We introduce the Agent Capability Problem (ACP), a framework for predicting whether an agent can solve a problem under resource constraints. Rather than relying on empirical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shahar Lutati