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Visual reasoning, a cornerstone of human intelligence, encompasses complex perceptual and logical processes essential for solving diverse visual problems. While advances in computer vision have produced powerful models for various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zetong Zhou , Dongping Chen , Zixian Ma , Zhihan Hu , Mingyang Fu , Sinan Wang , Yao Wan , Zhou Zhao , Ranjay Krishna

This paper presents Perceptual Preference Optimization (PerPO), a perception alignment method aimed at addressing the visual discrimination challenges in generative pre-trained multimodal large language models (MLLMs). To align MLLMs with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Zining Zhu , Liang Zhao , Kangheng Lin , Jinze Yang , En Yu , Chenglong Liu , Haoran Wei , Jianjian Sun , Zheng Ge , Xiangyu Zhang

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) excel at semantic understanding but struggle with fine grained spatial grounding, as the model must implicitly infer complex geometry without ever producing a spatial interpretation. We present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yuchen Li , Amanmeet Garg , Shalini Chaudhuri , Rui Zhao , Garin Kessler

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shifted the post-training paradigm from traditional instruction tuning and human preference alignment toward reinforcement learning (RL) focused on reasoning capabilities. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Qianxi He , Qingyu Ren , Shanzhe Lei , Xuhong Wang , Yingchun Wang

Reasoning has substantially improved the performance of large language models (LLMs) on complicated tasks. Central to the current reasoning studies, Process Reward Models (PRMs) offer a fine-grained evaluation of intermediate reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Qi Cao , Ruiyi Wang , Ruiyi Zhang , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Pengtao Xie

Reinforcement Fine-Tuning (RFT) with verifiable rewards has advanced large language models but remains underexplored for Vision-Language (VL) models. The Vision-Language Reward Model (VL-RM) is key to aligning VL models by providing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jipeng Zhang , Kehao Miao , Renjie Pi , Zhaowei Wang , Runtao Liu , Rui Pan , Tong Zhang

We propose VideoPerceiver, a novel video multimodal large language model (VMLLM) that enhances fine-grained perception in video understanding, addressing VMLLMs' limited ability to reason about brief actions in short clips or rare transient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Fufangchen Zhao , Liao Zhang , Daiqi Shi , Yuanjun Gao , Chen Ye , Yang Cai , Jian Gao , Danfeng Yan

Process Reward Modeling (PRM) is critical for complex reasoning and decision-making tasks where the accuracy of intermediate steps significantly influences the overall outcome. Existing PRM approaches, primarily framed as classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Wendi Li , Yixuan Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for eliciting reasoning chains before generating final answers. However, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) generate reasoning that lacks integration of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Omar Sharif , Eftekhar Hossain , Patrick Ng

Aligning large vision-language models (LVLMs) with human preferences is challenging due to the scarcity of fine-grained, high-quality, and multimodal preference data without human annotations. Existing methods relying on direct distillation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Muzhi Dai , Jiashuo Sun , Zhiyuan Zhao , Shixuan Liu , Rui Li , Junyu Gao , Xuelong Li

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has recently advanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). While prior work has emphasized algorithmic design, data curation, and reward shaping, we investigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Xinjie Chen , Minpeng Liao , Guoxin Chen , Chengxi Li , Biao Fu , Kai Fan , Xinggao Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a promising paradigm for optimizing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) in complex reasoning tasks. However, traditional outcome-based RL approaches often suffer from reward sparsity and inefficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhao Wang , Ziliang Zhao , Zhicheng Dou

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often suffer from visual hallucinations: generating things that are not consistent with visual inputs and language shortcuts, where they skip the visual part and just rely on text priors. These issues arise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zongxia Li , Wenhao Yu , Chengsong Huang , Zhenwen Liang , Rui Liu , Fuxiao Liu , Jingxi Che , Dian Yu , Jordan Boyd-Graber , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Reasoning is an essential capacity for large language models (LLMs) to address complex tasks, where the identification of process errors is vital for improving this ability. Recently, process-level reward models (PRMs) were proposed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zhaopan Xu , Pengfei Zhou , Jiaxin Ai , Wangbo Zhao , Kai Wang , Xiaojiang Peng , Wenqi Shao , Hongxun Yao , Kaipeng Zhang

Process Reward Models (PRMs) have proven effective at enhancing mathematical reasoning for Large Language Models (LLMs) by leveraging increased inference-time computation. However, they are predominantly trained on mathematical data and…

Multi-step reasoning improves the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) but increases the risk of errors propagating through intermediate steps. Process reward models (PRMs) mitigate this by scoring each step individually, enabling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Corentin Royer , Debarun Bhattacharjya , Gaetano Rossiello , Andrea Giovannini , Mennatallah El-Assady

Vision-language models are integral to computer vision research, yet many high-performing models remain closed-source, obscuring their data, design and training recipe. The research community has responded by using distillation from…

Process Reward Models (PRMs) have achieved remarkable success in augmenting the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) within static domains such as mathematics. However, their potential in dynamic data analysis tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhisong Qiu , Shuofei Qiao , Kewei Xu , Yuqi Zhu , Lun Du , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen

Enhancing the mathematical reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) is of great scientific and practical significance. Researchers typically employ process-supervised reward models (PRMs) to guide the reasoning process,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Wei Sun , Qianlong Du , Fuwei Cui , Jiajun Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful framework for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, most existing RL approaches rely on sparse outcome rewards, which fail to credit correct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Haolin Liu , Dian Yu , Sidi Lu , Yujun Zhou , Rui Liu , Zhenwen Liang , Haitao Mi , Chen-Yu Wei , Dong Yu