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Empathetic response generation is a crucial task for creating more human-like and supportive conversational agents. However, existing methods face a core trade-off between the analytical depth of specialized models and the generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ziqi Liu , Ziyang Zhou , Yilin Li , Haiyang Zhang , Yangbin Chen

This paper argues that Large Language Models (LLMs) should incorporate explicit mechanisms for human empathy. As LLMs become increasingly deployed in high-stakes human-centered settings, their success depends not only on correctness or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaoxing You , Qiang Huang , Jun Yu

The majority of existing methods for empathetic response generation rely on the emotion of the context to generate empathetic responses. However, empathy is much more than generating responses with an appropriate emotion. It also often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Navonil Majumder , Deepanway Ghosal , Devamanyu Hazarika , Alexander Gelbukh , Rada Mihalcea , Soujanya Poria

Artificial intelligence systems increasingly generate text intended to provide social and emotional support. Understanding how users perceive empathic qualities in such content is therefore critical. We examined differences in perceived…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Jonas Festor , Ivo Snels , Bennett Kleinberg

Empathetic conversation is psychologically supposed to be the result of conscious alignment and interaction between the cognition and affection of empathy. However, existing empathetic dialogue models usually consider only the affective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Jinfeng Zhou , Chujie Zheng , Bo Wang , Zheng Zhang , Minlie Huang

Many important decisions in our everyday lives, such as authentication via biometric models, are made by Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. These can be in poor alignment with human expectations, and testing them on clear-cut existing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Lukas Mecke , Daniel Buschek , Uwe Gruenefeld , Florian Alt

Large language models (LLMs) may not equitably represent diverse global perspectives on societal issues. In this paper, we develop a quantitative framework to evaluate whose opinions model-generated responses are more similar to. We first…

Open-domain conversational agents or chatbots are becoming increasingly popular in the natural language processing community. One of the challenges is enabling them to converse in an empathetic manner. Current neural response generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Anuradha Welivita , Pearl Pu

Large Language Models (LLMs), though shown to be effective in many applications, can vary significantly in their response quality. In this paper, we investigate this problem of prompt fairness: specifically, the phrasing of a prompt by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Meiyu Zhong , Noel Teku , Ravi Tandon

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly more powerful in their ability to complete complex tasks. One such task in which LLMs are often employed is scoring, i.e., assigning a numerical value from a certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Henry J. Xie , Jinghan Zhang , Xinhao Zhang , Kunpeng Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining traction as a method to generate consensus statements and aggregate preferences in digital democracy experiments. Yet, LLMs could introduce critical vulnerabilities in these systems. Here, we examine…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jairo Gudiño-Rosero , Clément Contet , Umberto Grandi , César A. Hidalgo

The explainability of machine learning algorithms is crucial, and numerous methods have emerged recently. Local, post-hoc methods assign an attribution score to each feature, indicating its importance for the prediction. However, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Giorgio Visani , Vincenzo Stanzione , Damien Garreau

In this work, we conduct an analysis to examine the consistency of Large Language Models (LLMs) with respect to their own generated responses in an emotionally-driven conversational context. Specifically, the text generated by LLM is framed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Sneha Oram , Ojaswita Bhushan , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

With the development of speech large language models (speech LLMs), users can now interact directly with assistants via speech. However, most existing models only convert response content into speech without fully capturing the rich…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Haoyu Wang , Guangyan Zhang , Jiale Chen , Jingyu Li , Yuehai Wang , Yiwen Guo

Recently, there has been a heightened interest in building chatbots based on Large Language Models (LLMs) to emulate human-like qualities in multi-turn conversations. Despite having access to commonsense knowledge to better understand the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Lanrui Wang , Jiangnan Li , Chenxu Yang , Zheng Lin , Hongyin Tang , Huan Liu , Yanan Cao , Jingang Wang , Weiping Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, exhibit advanced capabilities in generating text, images, and videos. However, their effective use remains constrained by challenges in prompt formulation, personalization, and opaque…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Si Thu , A. Baki Kocaballi

Collecting diverse human opinions is costly and challenging. This leads to a recent trend in exploiting large language models (LLMs) for generating diverse data for potential scalable and efficient solutions. However, the extent to which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Shirley Anugrah Hayati , Minhwa Lee , Dheeraj Rajagopal , Dongyeop Kang

In the absence of abundant reliable annotations for challenging tasks and contexts, how can we expand the frontier of LLM capabilities with potentially wrong answers? We focus on two research questions: (1) Can LLMs generate reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Jihan Yao , Wenxuan Ding , Shangbin Feng , Lucy Lu Wang , Yulia Tsvetkov

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) provides human-centered Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) with a glimmer of hope. Empathy serves as a key emotional attribute of humanity, playing an irreplaceable role in human-centered…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Linzhuang Sun , Yao Dong , Nan Xu , Jingxuan Wei , Bihui Yu , Yin Luo

This paper investigates the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to synthesize public opinion data, addressing challenges in traditional survey methods like declining response rates and non-response bias. We introduce a novel technique: role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Rabimba Karanjai , Boris Shor , Amanda Austin , Ryan Kennedy , Yang Lu , Lei Xu , Weidong Shi