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This work presents AEQUAM (Area Efficient QUAntum eMulation), a toolchain that enables faster and more accessible quantum circuit verification. It consists of a compiler that translates OpenQASM 2.0 into RISC-like instructions, Cython…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Lorenzo Lagostina , Deborah Volpe , Maurizio Zamboni , Giovanna Turvani

In this paper we address the problem of translating one-way quantum computation (1WQC) into the circuit model. We start by giving a straightforward circuit representation of any 1WQC, at the cost of introducing many ancilla wires. We then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-22 Raphael Dias da Silva , Ernesto F. Galvão

It is straightforward to give a sum-over-paths expression for the transition amplitudes of a quantum circuit as long as the gates in the circuit are balanced, where to be balanced is to have all nonzero transition amplitudes of equal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-15 Mark D. Penney , Dax Enshan Koh , Robert W. Spekkens

In recent years, quantum computers and algorithms have made significant progress indicating the prospective importance of quantum computing (QC). Especially combinatorial optimization has gained a lot of attention as an application field…

Efficient verification of the functioning of quantum devices is a key to the development of quantum technologies, but is a daunting task as the system size increases. Here we propose a simple and general framework for verifying unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-17 Huangjun Zhu , Haoyu Zhang

Analysis and verification of quantum circuits are highly challenging, given the exponential dependence of the number of states on the number of qubits. For analytical derivation, we propose a new quantum polynomial representation (QPR) to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Yu-Ting Kao , Hao-Yu Lu , Yeong-Jar Chang , Darsen Lu

The potential of quantum computers to outperform classical ones in practically useful tasks remains challenging in the near term due to scaling limitations and high error rates of current quantum hardware. While quantum error correction…

The measurement-based architecture is a paradigm of quantum computing, relying on the entanglement of a cluster of qubits and the measurements of a subset of it, conditioning the state of the unmeasured output qubits. While methods to map…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-20 Sebastiano Corli , Enrico Prati

Network verification (NWV), broadly defined as the verification of properties of distributed protocols used in network systems, cannot be efficiently solved on classical hardware via brute force. Prior work has developed a variety of…

Implementing many important sub-circuits on near-term quantum devices remains a challenge due to the high levels of noise and the prohibitive depth on standard nearest-neighbour topologies. Overcoming these barriers will likely require…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-06 Angus Mingare , Anastasia Moroz , Marcell D Kovacs , Andrew G Green

We systematically study the fundamental competition between quantum error correction (QEC) and continuous symmetries, two key notions in quantum information and physics, in a quantitative manner. Three meaningful measures of approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-14 Zi-Wen Liu , Sisi Zhou

We extend the recently introduced notion of tensor enumerator to the circuit enumerator. We provide a mathematical framework that offers a novel method for analyzing circuits and error models without resorting to Monte Carlo techniques. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-31 Alon Kukliansky , Brad Lackey

In recent years, various techniques have been explored for the verification of quantum circuits, including the use of barrier certificates, mathematical tools capable of demonstrating the correctness of such systems. These certificates…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Siwei Hu , Victor Lopata , Sadegh Soudjani , Paolo Zuliani

We introduce a complete equational theory for the fragment of quantum circuits generated by the real Clifford gates plus the two-qubit controlled-Hadamard gate. That is, we give a simple set of equalities between circuits of this fragment,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Alexandre Clément

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for building scalable quantum computers, but a lack of systematic, end-to-end evaluation methods makes it difficult to assess how different QEC codes perform under realistic conditions. The vast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Aleksandra Świerkowska , Jannik Pflieger , Emmanouil Giortamis , Pramod Bhatotia

Coherent parity check (CPC) codes are a new framework for the construction of quantum error correction codes that encode multiple qubits per logical block. CPC codes have a canonical structure involving successive rounds of bit and phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-08 Joschka Roffe , David Headley , Nicholas Chancellor , Dominic Horsman , Viv Kendon

While quantum speed-up in solving certain decision problems by a fault-tolerant universal quantum computer has been promised, a timely research interest includes how far one can reduce the resource requirement to demonstrate a provable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-01 Jacob Miller , Stephen Sanders , Akimasa Miyake

We investigate variational quantum classifiers (VQCs) for land-cover classification from multispectral satellite imagery, adopting a feature-map perspective in which the quantum circuit defines a nonlinear data embedding while the readout…

Combinational equivalence checking (CEC) remains a challenge EDA task in the formal verification of datapath circuits due to their complex arithmetic structures and the limited capability or scalability of SAT, BDD, and exact-simulation…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xindi Zhang , Furong Ye , Zhihan Chen , Shaowei Cai

This paper presents a first end-to-end application of a Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) algorithm for a classification problem in the financial payment industry using the IBM Safer Payments and IBM Quantum Computers via the Qiskit…