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Text-to-image (T2I) research has grown explosively in the past year, owing to the large-scale pre-trained diffusion models and many emerging personalization and editing approaches. Yet, one pain point persists: the text prompt engineering,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Xingqian Xu , Jiayi Guo , Zhangyang Wang , Gao Huang , Irfan Essa , Humphrey Shi

Recent text-to-image (T2I) models have exhibited remarkable performance in generating high-quality images from text descriptions. However, these models are vulnerable to misuse, particularly generating not-safe-for-work (NSFW) content, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lingzhi Yuan , Xinfeng Li , Chejian Xu , Guanhong Tao , Xiaojun Jia , Yihao Huang , Wei Dong , Yang Liu , Bo Li

Despite advancements in text-to-image generation (T2I), prior methods often face text-image misalignment problems such as relation confusion in generated images. Existing solutions involve cross-attention manipulation for better…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Leigang Qu , Wenjie Wang , Yongqi Li , Hanwang Zhang , Liqiang Nie , Tat-Seng Chua

Text-to-image (T2I) models today are capable of producing photorealistic, instruction-following images, yet they still frequently fail on prompts that require implicit world knowledge. Existing evaluation protocols either emphasize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Tianyang Han , Junhao Su , Junjie Hu , Peizhen Yang , Hengyu Shi , Junfeng Luo , Jialin Gao

Large-scale pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have gained prominence in various visual and multimodal tasks, yet the deployment of VLMs on downstream application platforms remains challenging due to their prohibitive requirements of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Huixin Sun , Runqi Wang , Yanjing Li , Xianbin Cao , Xiaolong Jiang , Yao Hu , Baochang Zhang

Advancements in prompt tuning of vision-language models have underscored their potential in enhancing open-world visual concept comprehension. However, prior works only primarily focus on single-mode (only one prompt for each modality) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Dongsheng Wang , Miaoge Li , Xinyang Liu , MingSheng Xu , Bo Chen , Hanwang Zhang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP have demonstrated remarkable generalization capabilities to downstream tasks. However, existing prompt tuning based frameworks need to parallelize learnable textual inputs for all categories,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Hao Tan , Jun Li , Yizhuang Zhou , Jun Wan , Zhen Lei , Xiangyu Zhang

With the booming of Large Language Models (LLMs), prompt-learning has become a promising method mainly researched in various research areas. Recently, many attempts based on prompt-learning have been made to improve the performance of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Chun Liu , Hongguang Zhang , Kainan Zhao , Xinghai Ju , Lin Yang

Despite the existing evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), a non-neglectable limitation remains in their struggle with visual text grounding, especially in text-rich images of documents. Document images, such as scanned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ming Li , Ruiyi Zhang , Jian Chen , Chenguang Wang , Jiuxiang Gu , Yufan Zhou , Franck Dernoncourt , Wanrong Zhu , Tianyi Zhou , Tong Sun

Text-attributed graphs have recently garnered significant attention due to their wide range of applications in web domains. Existing methodologies employ word embedding models for acquiring text representations as node features, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Jianxiang Yu , Yuxiang Ren , Chenghua Gong , Jiaqi Tan , Xiang Li , Xuecang Zhang

Recently, pretrained language models (PLMs) have had exceptional success in language generation. To leverage the rich knowledge encoded by PLMs, a simple yet powerful paradigm is to use prompts in the form of either discrete tokens or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Tianyi Tang , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Despite the impressive advances in text-to-image models, they often struggle to effectively compose complex scenes with multiple objects, displaying various attributes and relationships. To address this challenge, we present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Kaiyi Huang , Chengqi Duan , Kaiyue Sun , Enze Xie , Zhenguo Li , Xihui Liu

User prompts for generative AI models are often underspecified, leading to a misalignment between the user intent and models' understanding. As a result, users commonly have to painstakingly refine their prompts. We study this alignment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Meera Hahn , Wenjun Zeng , Nithish Kannen , Rich Galt , Kartikeya Badola , Been Kim , Zi Wang

Contemporary Text-to-Image (T2I) models frequently depend on qualitative human evaluations to assess the consistency between synthesized images and the text prompts. There is a demand for quantitative and automatic evaluation tools, given…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Ziyuan Qin , Dongjie Cheng , Haoyu Wang , Huahui Yi , Yuting Shao , Zhiyuan Fan , Kang Li , Qicheng Lao

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) hold considerable promise for applications in healthcare. However, their deployment in safety-critical settings is hindered by two key limitations: (i) sensitivity to prompt design, and (ii) a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Anita Kriz , Elizabeth Laura Janes , Xing Shen , Tal Arbel

Graph models are fundamental to data analysis in domains rich with complex relationships. Text-to-Graph-Query-Language (Text-to-GQL) systems act as a translator, converting natural language into executable graph queries. This capability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Songlin Lyu , Lujie Ban , Zihang Wu , Tianqi Luo , Jirong Liu , Chenhao Ma , Yuyu Luo , Nan Tang , Shipeng Qi , Heng Lin , Yongchao Liu , Chuntao Hong

Aligning Text-to-Image (T2I) generation models with human preferences increasingly relies on image reward models that score or rank generated images according to prompt alignment and perceptual quality. Existing reward models are commonly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Kuei-Chun Kao , Daixuan Huo , Yuanhao Ban , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Compositional text-to-image (T2I) generation requires a model to honour multiple sub-prompts that describe distinct image regions. Recent work shows that the \emph{starting noise} of a diffusion model carries significant semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Hao Li

Text-to-image (T2I) generation model has made significant advancements, resulting in high-quality images aligned with an input prompt. However, despite T2I generation's ability to generate fine-grained images, it still faces challenges in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Taekyung Lee , Donggyu Lee , Myungjoo Kang

Contrastively trained text-image models have the remarkable ability to perform zero-shot classification, that is, classifying previously unseen images into categories that the model has never been explicitly trained to identify. However,…

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