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The rapid rise of Language Models (LMs) has expanded the capabilities of natural language processing, powering applications from text generation to complex decision-making. While state-of-the-art LMs often boast hundreds of billions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Maximilian Abstreiter , Sasu Tarkoma , Roberto Morabito

The recent development of reinforcement learning (RL) has boosted the adoption of online RL for wireless radio resource management (RRM). However, online RL algorithms require direct interactions with the environment, which may be…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Kun Yang , Cong Shen , Jing Yang , Shu-ping Yeh , Jerry Sydir

The integration of deep learning to reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled RL to perform efficiently in high-dimensional environments. Deep RL methods have been applied to solve many complex real-world problems in recent years. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Thanh Thi Nguyen , Hai Nguyen , Doug Creighton , Saeid Nahavandi

Recently, the number of off-the-shelf Large Language Models (LLMs) has exploded with many open-source options. This creates a diverse landscape regarding both serving options (e.g., inference on local hardware vs remote LLM APIs) and model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Dimitrios Sikeridis , Dennis Ramdass , Pranay Pareek

Enhancing future wireless networks presents a significant challenge for networking systems due to diverse user demands and the emergence of 6G technology. While reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful framework, it often encounters…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jie Zheng , Ruichen Zhang , Dusit Niyato , Haijun Zhang , Jiacheng Wang , Hongyang Du , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong

The scaling of quantum processors is currently limited by technical challenges such as decoherence and cross-talk. As the number of qubits grows, interference increases the computational noise. Distributed quantum computing addresses these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Víctor Carballo , Júlia López-Closa , Mario Martin

Recent advancements in Large Language Models have yielded significant improvements in complex reasoning tasks such as mathematics and programming. However, these models remain heavily dependent on annotated data and exhibit limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jia Liu , ChangYi He , YingQiao Lin , MingMin Yang , FeiYang Shen , ShaoGuo Liu

Next-generation wireless systems, already widely deployed, are expected to become even more prevalent in the future, representing challenges in both environmental and economic terms. This paper focuses on improving the energy efficiency of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Matteo Bordin , Andrea Lacava , Michele Polese , Sai Satish , Manoj AnanthaSwamy Nittoor , Rajarajan Sivaraj , Francesca Cuomo , Tommaso Melodia

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved tremendous development in recent years, but still faces significant obstacles in addressing complex real-life problems due to the issues of poor system generalization, low sample efficiency as well…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Chao Yu , Shicheng Ye , Hankz Hankui Zhuo

Despite recent advances in improving the sample-efficiency of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, designing an RL algorithm that can be practically deployed in real-world environments remains a challenge. In this paper, we present…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Younggyo Seo , Jafar Uruç , Stephen James

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance across various tasks. However, the latency of inference and the large GPU memory consumption of LLMs restrict their deployment performance. Recently, there have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Yi Zhang , Fei Yang , Shuang Peng , Fangyu Wang , Aimin Pan

At the interception between quantum computing and machine learning, Quantum Reinforcement Learning (QRL) has emerged as a promising research field. Due to its novelty, a standardized and comprehensive collection for QRL algorithms has not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Georg Kruse , Rodrigo Coelho , Andreas Rosskopf , Robert Wille , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

Large language models (LLMs) provide excellent text-generation capabilities, but standard prompting and generation methods generally do not lead to intentional or goal-directed agents and might necessitate considerable prompt tuning. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Marwa Abdulhai , Isadora White , Charlie Snell , Charles Sun , Joey Hong , Yuexiang Zhai , Kelvin Xu , Sergey Levine

Real-time recurrent learning (RTRL) for sequence-processing recurrent neural networks (RNNs) offers certain conceptual advantages over backpropagation through time (BPTT). RTRL requires neither caching past activations nor truncating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Kazuki Irie , Anand Gopalakrishnan , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Quantizing weights and activations of deep neural networks is essential for deploying them in resource-constrained devices, or cloud platforms for at-scale services. While binarization is a special case of quantization, this extreme case…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Phuoc Pham , Jacob Abraham , Jaeyong Chung

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong potential for cybersecurity question answering (QA), supporting decision-making in real-time threat detection and response workflows. However, their substantial computational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Onat Gungor , Roshan Sood , Harold Wang , Tajana Rosing

When deploying Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents into a physical system, we must ensure that these agents are well aware of the underlying constraints. In many real-world problems, however, the constraints are often hard to specify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Guiliang Liu , Yudong Luo , Ashish Gaurav , Kasra Rezaee , Pascal Poupart

We study constrained reinforcement learning (CRL) from a novel perspective by setting constraints directly on state density functions, rather than the value functions considered by previous works. State density has a clear physical and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Zengyi Qin , Yuxiao Chen , Chuchu Fan

Trainable chatbots that exhibit fluent and human-like conversations remain a big challenge in artificial intelligence. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is promising for addressing this challenge, but its successful application remains an…

While 5G is being deployed worldwide, 6G is receiving increasing attention from researchers to meet the growing demand for higher data rates, lower latency, higher density, and seamless communications worldwide. To meet the stringent…