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We describe generalizations of the universal approximation theorem for neural networks to maps invariant or equivariant with respect to linear representations of groups. Our goal is to establish network-like computational models that are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-30 Dmitry Yarotsky

Nonlinear Parametric Optimization Network (NLPOpt-Net) is an unsupervised learning architecture to solve constrained nonlinear programs (NLP). Given the structure of an NLP, it learns the parametric solution maps with guaranteed constraint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Bimol Nath Roy , Rahul Golder , MM Faruque Hasan

Residual neural networks (ResNets) are a promising class of deep neural networks that have shown excellent performance for a number of learning tasks, e.g., image classification and recognition. Mathematically, ResNet architectures can be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-26 S. Günther , L. Ruthotto , J. B. Schroder , E. C. Cyr , N. R. Gauger

This paper introduces a concept of layer aggregation to describe how information from previous layers can be reused to better extract features at the current layer. While DenseNet is a typical example of the layer aggregation mechanism, its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Jingyu Zhao , Yanwen Fang , Guodong Li

We introduce a robust, error-tolerant adaptive training algorithm for generalized learning paradigms in high-dimensional superposed quantum networks, or \emph{adaptive quantum networks}. The formalized procedure applies standard…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-05-13 Christopher Altman , Romàn R. Zapatrin

This work studies approximation based on single-hidden-layer feedforward and recurrent neural networks with randomly generated internal weights. These methods, in which only the last layer of weights and a few hyperparameters are optimized,…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-17 Lukas Gonon , Lyudmila Grigoryeva , Juan-Pablo Ortega

This paper establishes an approximation theorem for randomized neural networks (RaNNs) whose hidden-layer parameters are uniformly sampled from a prescribed bounded domain. Our analysis shows that, for RaNNs of the form $\mathop{\sum}_i W_i…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Ran Bi , Weibing Deng

Laplace approximation (LA) and its linearized variant (LLA) enable effortless adaptation of pretrained deep neural networks to Bayesian neural networks. The generalized Gauss-Newton (GGN) approximation is typically introduced to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Zhijie Deng , Feng Zhou , Jun Zhu

The universal approximation theorem is generalised to uniform convergence on the (noncompact) input space $\mathbb{R}^n$. All continuous functions that vanish at infinity can be uniformly approximated by neural networks with one hidden…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Teun D. H. van Nuland

A residual network (or ResNet) is a standard deep neural net architecture, with state-of-the-art performance across numerous applications. The main premise of ResNets is that they allow the training of each layer to focus on fitting just…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-28 Ohad Shamir

This paper discusses various theorems on the approximation capabilities of neural networks (NNs), which are known as universal approximation theorems (UATs). The paper gives a systematic overview of UATs starting from the preliminary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Midhun T Augustine

Purpose: We propose a novel method for continual learning based on the increasing depth of neural networks. This work explores whether extending neural network depth may be beneficial in a life-long learning setting. Methods: We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Jędrzej Kozal , Michał Woźniak

We propose a Randomized Progressive Training algorithm (RPT) -- a stochastic proxy for the well-known Progressive Training method (PT) (Karras et al., 2017). Originally designed to train GANs (Goodfellow et al., 2014), PT was proposed as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Rafał Szlendak , Elnur Gasanov , Peter Richtárik

The massive computational costs of scaling modern deep learning architectures have driven the widespread use of parameter-efficient low-rank structures, such as LoRA and low-rank factorization. However, theoretical guarantees for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ying Chen , Aoxi Li , Jihun Kim , Javad Lavaei

Self-supervised pre-training has drawn increasing attention in recent years due to its superior performance on numerous downstream tasks after fine-tuning. However, it is well-known that deep learning models lack the robustness to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Yuanhao Ban , Yinpeng Dong

In this study, we investigate how the updating of weights during forward operation and the computation of gradients during backpropagation impact the optimization process, training procedure, and overall performance of the neural network,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Amir Noorizadegan , D. L. Young , Y. C. Hon , C. S. Chen

Deep learning models have gained great success in many real-world applications. However, most existing networks are typically designed in heuristic manners, thus lack of rigorous mathematical principles and derivations. Several recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-18 Risheng Liu , Xin Fan , Shichao Cheng , Xiangyu Wang , Zhongxuan Luo

Conventional continual pretraining (CPT) for large language model (LLM) domain adaptation often suffers from catastrophic forgetting and limited domain capacity. Existing strategies adopt layer expansion, introducing additional trainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jinyang Zhang , Yue Fang , Hongxin Ding , Weibin Liao , Muyang Ye , Xu Chu , Junfeng Zhao , Yasha Wang

There has been a recent shift in sequence-to-sequence modeling from recurrent network architectures to convolutional network architectures due to computational advantages in training and operation while still achieving competitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Joshua Hanson , Maxim Raginsky

We present a fully constructive analysis of deep ReLU neural networks for classification and function approximation tasks. First, we prove that any dataset with $N$ distinct points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and $M$ output classes can be exactly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-25 Martín Hernández , Enrique Zuazua