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This paper presents the Soda language for verifying multi-agent systems. Soda is a high-level functional and object-oriented language that supports the compilation of its code not only to Scala, a strongly statically typed high-level…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Julian Alfredo Mendez , Timotheus Kampik

Social deduction games have become a popular testbed for probing reasoning, deception, coordination, and belief modeling in Large Language Model (LLM) agents. However, most environments are scored only by game outcomes such as win rates and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ye Yuan , Rui Song , Weien Li , Zeyu Li , Haochen Liu , Xiangyu Kong , Changjiang Han , Yonghan Yang , Zichen Zhao , Zixuan Dong , Fuyuan Lyu , Bowei He , Haolun Wu , Jikun Kang , Xue Liu

Large language models can generate scientific simulation code, but the generated code silently fails on most non-textbook problems. We show that classical mathematical validation -- well-posedness, convergence, and error certification --…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Chengshuai Yang

Domain-specific quantitative reasoning remains a major challenge for large language models (LLMs), especially in fields requiring expert knowledge and complex question answering (QA). In this work, we propose Expert Question Decomposition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Mengyu Wang , Sotirios Sabanis , Miguel de Carvalho , Shay B. Cohen , Tiejun Ma

Fact-checking real-world claims often requires complex, multi-step reasoning due to the absence of direct evidence to support or refute them. However, existing fact-checking systems often lack transparency in their decision-making, making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Liangming Pan , Xinyuan Lu , Min-Yen Kan , Preslav Nakov

We present QuReed, an open-source quantum simulation framework designed to bridge gaps between quantum theory, experimental community and engineering. With Quantum Mechanics maturing and holding significant potential beyond quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-13 Simon Sekavčnik , Kareem H. El-Safty , Janis Nötzel

Answering questions related to the legal domain is a complex task, primarily due to the intricate nature and diverse range of legal document systems. Providing an accurate answer to a legal query typically necessitates specialized knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Bhawna Piryani , Adam Jatowt

A growing challenge in research and industrial engineering applications is the need for repeated, systematic analysis of large-scale computational models, for example, patient-specific digital twins of diseased human organs: The analysis…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jonas Biehler , Jonas Nitzler , Sebastian Brandstaeter , Maximilian Dinkel , Volker Gravemeier , Lea J. Haeusel , Gil Robalo Rei , Harald Willmann , Barbara Wirthl , Wolfgang A. Wall

In many real-world systems, such as adaptive robotics, achieving a single, optimised solution may be insufficient. Instead, a diverse set of high-performing solutions is often required to adapt to varying contexts and requirements. This is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Garðar Ingvarsson , Mikayel Samvelyan , Bryan Lim , Manon Flageat , Antoine Cully , Tim Rocktäschel

This research is aimed to propose an artificial intelligence algorithm comprising an ontology-based design, text mining, and natural language processing for automatically generating gap-fill multiple choice questions (MCQs). The simulation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Pornpat Sirithumgul , Pimpaka Prasertsilp , Lorne Olfman

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices have begun to exhibit early quantum advantages on classically intractable problems, spanning physics simulations to Gaussian boson sampling. Yet, realizing these benefits remains challenging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zhenxiao Fu , Fan Chen , Lei Jiang

We introduce DeepSearchQA, a 900-prompt benchmark for evaluating agents on difficult multi-step information-seeking tasks across 17 different fields. Unlike traditional benchmarks that target single answer retrieval or broad-spectrum…

Deep research has revolutionized data analysis, yet data scientists still devote substantial time to manually crafting visualizations, highlighting the need for robust automation from natural language queries. However, current systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Zichen Chen , Jiefeng Chen , Sercan Ö. Arik , Misha Sra , Tomas Pfister , Jinsung Yoon

Computational chemistry tools are widely used to study the behaviour of chemical phenomena. Yet, the complexity of these tools can make them inaccessible to non-specialists and challenging even for experts. In this work, we introduce El…

Question answering (QA) tasks have been posed using a variety of formats, such as extractive span selection, multiple choice, etc. This has led to format-specialized models, and even to an implicit division in the QA community. We argue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Daniel Khashabi , Sewon Min , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Oyvind Tafjord , Peter Clark , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Formal verification is a promising method for producing reliable software, but the difficulty of manually writing verification proofs severely limits its utility in practice. Recent methods have automated some proof synthesis by guiding a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Alex Sanchez-Stern , Abhishek Varghese , Zhanna Kaufman , Dylan Zhang , Talia Ringer , Yuriy Brun

Recent progress with LLM-based agents has shown promising results across various tasks. However, their use in answering questions from knowledge bases remains largely unexplored. Implementing a KBQA system using traditional methods is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Chang Zong , Yuchen Yan , Weiming Lu , Jian Shao , Eliot Huang , Heng Chang , Yueting Zhuang

Diagram-grounded geometry problem solving is a critical benchmark for multimodal large language models (MLLMs), yet the benefits of multi-agent design over single-agent remain unclear. We systematically compare single-agent and multi-agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Mahbub E Sobhani , Md. Faiyaz Abdullah Sayeedi , Mohammad Nehad Alam , Proma Hossain Progga , Swakkhar Shatabda

Question answering systems should help users to access knowledge on a broad range of topics and to answer a wide array of different questions. Most systems fall short of this expectation as they are only specialized in one particular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Gregor Geigle , Nils Reimers , Andreas Rücklé , Iryna Gurevych

Question Answering (QA) systems are becoming the inspiring model for the future of search engines. While recently, underlying datasets for QA systems have been promoted from unstructured datasets to structured datasets with highly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Saeedeh Shekarpour , Denis Lukovnikov , Ashwini Jaya Kumar , Kemele Endris , Kuldeep Singh , Harsh Thakkar , Christoph Lange