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Federated Learning (FL) emerges as a new learning paradigm that enables multiple devices to collaboratively train a shared model while preserving data privacy. However, one fundamental and prevailing challenge that hinders the deployment of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Kahou Tam , Chunlin Tian , Li Li , Haikai Zhao , ChengZhong Xu

One underlying assumption of recent federated learning (FL) paradigms is that all local models usually share the same network architecture and size, which becomes impractical for devices with different hardware resources. A scalable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Dezhong Yao , Wanning Pan , Michael J O'Neill , Yutong Dai , Yao Wan , Hai Jin , Lichao Sun

Federated learning (FL) is a subfield of machine learning where multiple clients try to collaboratively learn a model over a network under communication constraints. We consider finite-sum federated optimization under a second-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Ahmed Khaled , Chi Jin

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized clients without sharing private data. However, FL suffers from biased global models due to non-IID and long-tail data distributions. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jingrui Zhang , Yimeng Xu , Shujie Li , Feng Liang , Haihan Duan , Yanjie Dong , Victor C. M. Leung , Xiping Hu

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning architecture that leverages a large number of workers to jointly learn a model with decentralized data. FL has received increasing attention in recent years thanks to its data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Haibo Yang , Minghong Fang , Jia Liu

Federated Averaging (FedAvg) has emerged as the algorithm of choice for federated learning due to its simplicity and low communication cost. However, in spite of recent research efforts, its performance is not fully understood. We obtain…

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collectively train a high-performance global model without sharing their private data. However, the key challenge in federated learning is that the clients have significant statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Liang Gao , Huazhu Fu , Li Li , Yingwen Chen , Ming Xu , Cheng-Zhong Xu

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across multiple clients without sharing their private data. However, data heterogeneity across clients leads to client drift, which degrades the overall generalization performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Alina Devkota , Jacob Thrasher , Donald Adjeroh , Binod Bhattarai , Prashnna K. Gyawali

In federated learning (FL), clients with limited resources can disrupt the training efficiency. A potential solution to this problem is to leverage a new learning procedure that does not rely on backpropagation (BP). We present a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Seonghwan Park , Dahun Shin , Jinseok Chung , Namhoon Lee

Federated Learning enables the fine-tuning of foundation models (FMs) across distributed clients for specific tasks; however, its scalability is limited by the heterogeneity of client memory capacities. In this work, we propose Fed-pilot, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zikai Zhang , Rui Hu , Ping Liu , Jiahao Xu

Federated learning is a machine learning paradigm that leverages edge computing on client devices to optimize models while maintaining user privacy by ensuring that local data remains on the device. However, since all data is collected by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Jingqiao Tang , Ryan Bausback , Feng Bao , Richard Archibald

Combining different data modalities enables deep neural networks to tackle complex tasks more effectively, making multimodal learning increasingly popular. To harness multimodal data closer to end users, it is essential to integrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ye Lin Tun , Chu Myaet Thwal , Minh N. H. Nguyen , Choong Seon Hong

Federated learning is a decentralized training approach that keeps data under stakeholder control while achieving superior performance over isolated training. While inter-institutional feature discrepancies pose a challenge in all federated…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Vasilis Siomos , Jonathan Passerat-Palmbach , Giacomo Tarroni

Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) is widely employed in IoT applications to handle high-volume, non-iid client data while ensuring data privacy. However, heterogeneous edge devices owned by clients may impose varying degrees of resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Ziru Niu , Hai Dong , A. K. Qin

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning methodology that involves the collaborative training of a global model across multiple decentralized clients in a privacy-preserving way. Several FL methods are introduced to tackle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jordan Slessor , Dezheng Kong , Xiaofen Tang , Zheng En Than , Linglong Kong

Statistical heterogeneity severely limits the performance of federated learning (FL), motivating several explorations e.g., FedProx, MOON and FedDyn, to alleviate this problem. Despite effectiveness, their considered scenario generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Ziqing Fan , Jiangchao Yao , Ruipeng Zhang , Lingjuan Lyu , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

Federated learning (FL) faces persistent robustness challenges due to non-IID data distributions and adversarial client behavior. A promising mitigation strategy is contribution evaluation, which enables adaptive aggregation by quantifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Guojun Tang , Jiayu Zhou , Mohammad Mamun , Steve Drew

Federated learning (FL) is a promising strategy for performing privacy-preserving, distributed learning with a network of clients (i.e., edge devices). However, the data distribution among clients is often non-IID in nature, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Matias Mendieta , Taojiannan Yang , Pu Wang , Minwoo Lee , Zhengming Ding , Chen Chen

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training of autonomous driving (AD) models across distributed vehicles while preserving data privacy. However, FL encounters critical challenges such as poor generalization and slow convergence…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wei-Bin Kou , Guangxu Zhu , Bingyang Cheng , Chen Zhang , Yik-Chung Wu , Jianping Wang

Federated learning (FL) is a popular distributed machine learning (ML) paradigm, but is often limited by significant communication costs and edge device computation capabilities. Federated Split Learning (FSL) preserves the parallel model…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Yujia Mu , Cong Shen