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This paper proposes a Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) filter on the space of sets of tree trajectories for multiple target tracking with spawning targets. A tree trajectory contains all trajectory information of a target and its…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-04 Ángel F. García-Fernández , Lennart Svensson

This paper presents the distributed Poisson multi-Bernoulli (PMB) filter based on the generalised covariance intersection (GCI) fusion rule for distributed multi-object filtering. Since the exact GCI fusion of two PMB densities is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ángel F. García-Fernández , Giorgio Battistelli

This paper provides a comparative analysis between the adaptive birth model used in the labelled random finite set literature and the track initiation in the Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) filter, with point-target models. The PMBM…

Applications · Statistics 2022-07-14 Ángel F. García-Fernández , Yuxuan Xia , Lennart Svensson

Autonomous vehicles need precise knowledge on dynamic objects in their surroundings. Especially in urban areas with many objects and possible occlusions, an infrastructure system based on a multi-sensor setup can provide the required…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Martin Herrmann , Aldi Piroli , Jan Strohbeck , Johannes Müller , Michael Buchholz

This paper presents an exact Bayesian filtering solution for the multi-object tracking problem with the generic observation model. The proposed solution is designed in the labeled random finite set framework, using the product styled…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-10-09 Suqi Li , Wei Yi , Reza Hoseinnezhad , Bailu Wang , Lingjiang Kong

This paper presents a new derivation of the variational Poisson multi-Bernoulli (V-PMB) filter for multi-target estimation proposed in [#Williams15]. The proposed derivation is based on considering an augmented space that includes the set…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-11 Ángel F. García-Fernández , Yuxuan Xia

Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) densities arise in a host of multi-object system applications analogous to Gaussians in single-object filtering. However, computing the GLMB filtering density requires solving NP-hard problems. To…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-29 Changbeom Shim , Ba-Tuong Vo , Ba-Ngu Vo , Jonah Ong , Diluka Moratuwage

In many multiobject tracking applications, including radar and sonar tracking, after prefiltering the received signal, measurement data is typically structured in cells. The cells, e.g., represent different range and bearing values.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-04 Thomas Kropfreiter , Jason L. Williams , Florian Meyer

Much recent research on multi-target tracking has focused on multi-hypothesis approaches leveraging random finite sets. Of particular interest are labeled random finite set methods that maintain temporally coherent labels for each object.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Pranav Balakrishnan , Sidisha Barik , Sean M. O'Rourke , Benjamin M. Marlin

This paper introduces a Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) filter in which the intensities of target birth and undetected targets are grid-based. A simplified version of the Rao-Blackwellized point mass filter is used to predict the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-22 Per Boström-Rost , Daniel Axehill , Gustaf Hendeby

Multi-Bernoulli mixture (MBM) filter is one of the exact closed-form multi-target Bayes filters in the random finite sets (RFS) framework, which utilizes multi-Bernoulli mixture density as the multi-target conjugate prior. This filter is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-12 Sen Wang

Multiobject tracking provides situational awareness that enables new applications for modern convenience, public safety, and homeland security. This paper presents a factor graph formulation and a particle-based sum-product algorithm (SPA)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-15 Florian Meyer , Jason L. Williams

This paper proposes an efficient implementation of the generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) filter by combining the prediction and update into a single step. In contrast to an earlier implementation that involves separate truncations…

Computation · Statistics 2017-03-01 Ba Ngu Vo , Ba Tuong Vo , Hung Gia Hoang

This work presents a tractable approach to multi-object posterior computation under a generic measurement likelihood function. While filtering is a popular solution, valuable historical information is discarded. Posterior inference, which…

Computation · Statistics 2026-04-15 Ba Tuong Vo , Ba-Ngu Vo

The ability of an autonomous vehicle to perform 3D tracking is essential for safe planing and navigation in cluttered environments. The main challenges for multi-object tracking (MOT) in autonomous driving applications reside in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Su Pang , Hayder Radha

The challenges in multi-object tracking mainly stem from the random variations in the cardinality and states of objects during the tracking process. Further, the information on locations where the objects appear, their detection…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-13 Cong-Thanh Do , Tran Thien Dat Nguyen , Diluka Moratuwage , Changbeom Shim , Yon Dohn Chung

A decentralized Poisson multi-Bernoulli filter is proposed to track multiple vehicles using multiple high-resolution sensors. Independent filters estimate the vehicles' presence, state, and shape using a Gaussian process extent model; a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Markus Fröhle , Karl Granström , Henk Wymeersch

In multi-object inference, the multi-object probability density captures the uncertainty in the number and the states of the objects as well as the statistical dependence between the objects. Exact computation of the multi-object density is…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2015-10-28 Francesco Papi , Ba-Ngu Vo , Ba-Tuong Vo , Claudio Fantacci , Michael Beard

We propose a scalable track-before-detect (TBD) tracking method based on a Poisson/multi-Bernoulli model. To limit computational complexity, we approximate the exact multi-Bernoulli mixture posterior probability density function (pdf) by a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-06 Thomas Kropfreiter , Jason L. Williams , Florian Meyer

A large-scale multi-object tracker based on the generalised labeled multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) filter is proposed. The algorithm is capable of tracking a very large, unknown and time-varying number of objects simultaneously, in the presence of…

Computation · Statistics 2018-04-19 Michael Beard , Ba Tuong Vo , Ba-Ngu Vo