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Korean is a morphologically rich language with a featural writing system in which each character is systematically composed of subcharacter units known as Jamo. These subcharacters not only determine the visual structure of Korean but also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 SungHo Kim , Juhyeong Park , Eda Atalay , SangKeun Lee

Different from the writing systems of many Romance and Germanic languages, some languages or language families show complex conjunct forms in character composition. For such cases where the conjuncts consist of the components representing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Won Ik Cho , Seok Min Kim , Nam Soo Kim

We introduce a novel sub-character architecture that exploits a unique compositional structure of the Korean language. Our method decomposes each character into a small set of primitive phonetic units called jamo letters from which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-24 Karl Stratos

In this study, we introduce KOPL, a novel framework for handling Korean OOV words with Phoneme representation Learning. Our work is based on the linguistic property of Korean as a phonemic script, the high correlation between phonemes and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Nayeon Kim , Eojin Jeon , Jun-Hyung Park , SangKeun Lee

We introduce a morpheme-aware subword tokenization method that utilizes sub-character decomposition to address the challenges of applying Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) to Korean, a language characterized by its rich morphology and unique writing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Taehee Jeon , Bongseok Yang , Changhwan Kim , Yoonseob Lim

We present a novel approach to OCR(Optical Character Recognition) of Korean character, Hangul. As a phonogram, Hangul can represent 11,172 different characters with only 52 graphemes, by describing each character with a combination of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Geonuk Kim , Jaemin Son , Kanghyu Lee , Jaesik Min

Large language models (LLMs) often show poor performance in low-resource languages like Korean, partly due to unique linguistic challenges such as homophonous Sino-Korean words that are indistinguishable in Hangul script. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Seungho Choi

Due to the fact that Korean is a highly agglutinative, character-rich language, previous work on Korean morphological analysis typically employs the use of sub-character features known as graphemes or otherwise utilizes comprehensive prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Andrew Matteson , Chanhee Lee , Young-Bum Kim , Heuiseok Lim

We propose KMMLU, a new Korean benchmark with 35,030 expert-level multiple-choice questions across 45 subjects ranging from humanities to STEM. While prior Korean benchmarks are translated from existing English benchmarks, KMMLU is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Guijin Son , Hanwool Lee , Sungdong Kim , Seungone Kim , Niklas Muennighoff , Taekyoon Choi , Cheonbok Park , Kang Min Yoo , Stella Biderman

Most of the post-processing methods for character recognition rely on contextual information of character and word-fragment levels. However, due to linguistic characteristics of Korean, such low-level information alone is not sufficient for…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Geunbae Lee , Jong-Hyeok Lee , JinHee Yoo

Word embedding has become a fundamental component to many NLP tasks such as named entity recognition and machine translation. However, popular models that learn such embeddings are unaware of the morphology of words, so it is not directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Sanghyuk Choi , Taeuk Kim , Jinseok Seol , Sang-goo Lee

We present in this work a new Universal Morphology dataset for Korean. Previously, the Korean language has been underrepresented in the field of morphological paradigms amongst hundreds of diverse world languages. Hence, we propose this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Eunkyul Leah Jo , Kyuwon Kim , Xihan Wu , KyungTae Lim , Jungyeul Park , Chulwoo Park

This work presents the first large-scale investigation into constructing a fully open bilingual large language model (LLM) for a non-English language, specifically Korean, trained predominantly on synthetic data. We introduce KORMo-10B, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Minjun Kim , Hyeonseok Lim , Hangyeol Yoo , Inho Won , Seungwoo Song , Minkyung Cho , Junhun Yuk , Changsu Choi , Dongjae Shin , Huige Lee , Hoyun Song , Alice Oh , Kyungtae Lim

Hangeul was created as a phonetic alphabet and is known to have the best 1:1 correspondence between letters and pronunciation among existing alphabets. In this paper, we examine the possibility of modifying the basic form of Hangeul and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Wonchan Kim , Michelle Meehyun Kim

We introduce GECKO, a bilingual large language model (LLM) optimized for Korean and English, along with programming languages. GECKO is pretrained on the balanced, high-quality corpus of Korean and English employing LLaMA architecture. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Sungwoo Oh , Donggyu Kim

This research introduces KoGEC, a Korean Grammatical Error Correction system using pre\--trained translation models. We fine-tuned NLLB (No Language Left Behind) models for Korean GEC, comparing their performance against large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Taeeun Kim , Semin Jeong , Youngsook Song

This paper presents a keystroke-based framework for detecting LLM-assisted cheating in Korean, addressing key gaps in prior research regarding language coverage, cognitive context, and the granularity of LLM involvement. Our proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Dong Hyun Roh , Rajesh Kumar , An Ngo

We introduce the $\underline{Ko}rean \underline{G}rammar \underline{E}valuation Bench\underline{M}ark (KoGEM)$, designed to assess the linguistic competence of LLMs and humans in Korean. KoGEM consists of 1.5k multiple-choice QA pairs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 SungHo Kim , Nayeon Kim , Taehee Jeon , SangKeun Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in the legal domain, with GPT-4 even passing the Uniform Bar Exam in the U.S. However their efficacy remains limited for non-standardized tasks and tasks in languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Yeeun Kim , Young Rok Choi , Eunkyung Choi , Jinhwan Choi , Hai Jin Park , Wonseok Hwang

The field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has seen significant advancements with the development of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, much of this research remains focused on English, often overlooking low-resource languages like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Anh-Dung Vo , Minseong Jung , Wonbeen Lee , Daewoo Choi
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