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AI-based code review tools automatically review and comment on pull requests to improve code quality. Despite their growing presence, little is known about their actual impact. We present a large-scale empirical study of 16 popular AI-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Kexin Sun , Hongyu Kuang , Sebastian Baltes , Xin Zhou , He Zhang , Xiaoxing Ma , Guoping Rong , Dong Shao , Christoph Treude

Software maintenance constitutes a substantial portion of the total lifetime costs of software, with a significant portion attributed to code comprehension. Software comprehension is eased by documentation such as comments that summarize…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Skyler Grandel , Scott Thomas Andersen , Yu Huang , Kevin Leach

App store reviews provide a constant flow of real user feedback that can help improve software requirements. However, these reviews are often messy, informal, and difficult to analyze manually at scale. Although automated techniques exist,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Shadman Sakib , Oishy Fatema Akhand , Tasnia Tasneem , Shohel Ahmed

This study introduces a framework for evaluating consistency in large language model (LLM) binary text classification, addressing the lack of established reliability assessment methods. Adapting psychometric principles, we determine sample…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Fadel M. Megahed , Ying-Ju Chen , L. Allision Jones-Farmer , Younghwa Lee , Jiawei Brooke Wang , Inez M. Zwetsloot

Code review is a fundamental process in software development that plays a pivotal role in ensuring code quality and reducing the likelihood of errors and bugs. However, code review can be complex, subjective, and time-consuming. Quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Oussama Ben Sghaier , Houari Sahraoui

With the rapid growth of software scale and complexity, a large number of bug reports are submitted to the bug tracking system. In order to speed up defect repair, these reports need to be accurately classified so that they can be sent to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Fanqi Meng , Xuesong Wang , Jingdong Wang , Peifang Wang

Modern code review is a ubiquitous software quality assurance process aimed at identifying potential issues within newly written code. Despite its effectiveness, the process demands large amounts of effort from the human reviewers involved.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Hong Yi Lin , Patanamon Thongtanunam , Christoph Treude , Michael W. Godfrey , Chunhua Liu , Wachiraphan Charoenwet

Motivation: Code understandability is crucial in software development, as developers spend 58% to 70% of their time reading source code. Improving it can improve productivity and reduce maintenance costs. Problem: Experimental studies often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Delano Oliveira , Reydne Santos , Benedito de Oliveira , Martin Monperrus , Fernando Castor , Fernanda Madeiral

Language models have shown promise in various tasks but can be affected by undesired data during training, fine-tuning, or alignment. For example, if some unsafe conversations are wrongly annotated as safe ones, the model fine-tuned on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zhaowei Zhu , Jialu Wang , Hao Cheng , Yang Liu

Logging plays a central role in ensuring reproducibility, observability, and reliability in machine learning (ML) systems. While logging is generally considered a good engineering practice, poorly designed logging can negatively affect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Patrick Loic Foalem , Leuson Da Silva , Foutse Khomh , Heng Li , Ettore Merlo

Pre-trained code models have emerged as crucial tools in various code intelligence tasks. However, their effectiveness depends on the quality of the pre-training dataset, particularly the human reference comments, which serve as a bridge…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Kang Yang , Xinjun Mao , Shangwen Wang , Tanghaoran Zhang , Bo Lin , Yanlin Wang , Yihao Qin , Zhang Zhang , Xiaoguang Mao

Method-level comments are critical for improving code comprehension and supporting software maintenance. With advancements in large language models (LLMs), automated comment generation has become a major research focus. However, existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Md Mustakim Billah , Md Shamimur Rahman , Banani Roy

Zero-shot audio classification aims to recognize and classify a sound class that the model has never seen during training. This paper presents a novel approach for zero-shot audio classification using automatically generated sound attribute…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Xuenan Xu , Pingyue Zhang , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Mengyue Wu

Fine-grained classification remains a very challenging problem, because of the absence of well-labeled training data caused by the high cost of annotating a large number of fine-grained categories. In the extreme case, given a set of test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Li Niu , Ashok Veeraraghavan , Ashu Sabharwal

Text classification is fundamental in Natural Language Processing (NLP), and the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized the field. This paper introduces an adaptable and reliable text classification paradigm, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Zhiqiang Wang , Yiran Pang , Yanbin Lin , Xingquan Zhu

Large Language Models are increasingly used in software engineering, but both code generation and its evaluation remain predominantly English-centric. This leaves a major gap in our understanding of how well current tools support…

Federal agencies are deploying large language models (LLMs) to categorize public comment corpora, where the model's organization of the record shapes what policymakers see and which arguments register. Standard evaluation, anchored on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Aisha Najera , Alvin Moon , Vedant Srinivasan , Rajesh Veeraraghavan

Identifying and addressing security issues during the early phase of the development lifecycle is critical for mitigating the long-term negative impacts on software systems. Code review serves as an effective practice that enables…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fang Liu , Simiao Liu , Yinghao Zhu , Xiaoli Lian , Li Zhang

Most software maintenance and evolution tasks require developers to understand the source code of their software systems. Software developers usually inspect class comments to gain knowledge about program behavior, regardless of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Pooja Rani , Sebastiano Panichella , Manuel Leuenberger , Andrea Di Sorbo , Oscar Nierstrasz

Aspect sentiment quad prediction (ASQP) facilitates a detailed understanding of opinions expressed in a text by identifying the opinion term, aspect term, aspect category and sentiment polarity for each opinion. However, annotating a full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Nils Constantin Hellwig , Jakob Fehle , Udo Kruschwitz , Christian Wolff