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The Groverian entanglement measure introduced earlier for pure quantum states [O. Biham, M.A. Nielsen and T. Osborne, Phys. Rev. A 65, 062312 (2002)] is generalized to the case of mixed states, in a way that maintains its operational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Daniel Shapira , Yishai Shimoni , Ofer Biham

It is well known that Grover's algorithm asymptotically transforms an equal superposition state into an eigenstate (of a given basis). Here, we demonstrate a verification algorithm based on weak measurement which can achieve the same…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-10 Avinash Dash , Sumit Rout , Bikash K. Behera , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

We report the implementation of Grover's quantum search algorithm in the scalable system of trapped atomic ion quantum bits. Any one of four possible states of a two-qubit memory is marked, and following a single query of the search space,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 K. -A. Brickman , P. C. Haljan , P. J. Lee , M. Acton , L. Deslauriers , C. Monroe

The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) is of central importance in both theory and practice. Yet, most provable guarantees for quantum algorithms rely exclusively on Grover-type methods that cap the possible advantage at only quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Franz J. Schreiber , Maximilian J. Kramer , Alexander Nietner , Jens Eisert

Accurate computation of multiple eigenvalues of quantum Hamiltonians is essential in quantum chemistry, materials science, and molecular spectroscopy. Estimating excited-state energies is challenging for classical algorithms due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Grzegorz Rajchel-Mieldzioć , Szymon Pliś , Emil Zak

Entanglement is considered to be one of the primary reasons for why quantum algorithms are more efficient than their classical counterparts for certain computational tasks. The global multipartite entanglement of the multiqubit states in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-10 Minghua Pan , Daowen Qiu , Shenggen Zheng

Quantum algorithms for diverse problems, including search and optimization problems, require the implementation of a reflection operator over a target state. Commonly, such reflections are approximately implemented using phase estimation.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-08 Anirban Narayan Chowdhury , Yigit Subasi , Rolando D. Somma

Grover search is a renowned quantum search algorithm that leverages quantum superposition to find a marked item with quadratic speedup. However, when implemented on Noisy Intermediate-scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware, the required repeated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-11 Chen-Yu Liu

We propose to employ the amplification mechanism of Grover's search algorithm to efficiently prepare entangled states of an ensemble of qubits. The conditional change of sign employed in the algorithm can be implemented by the phase shift…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Omar Nagib , M. Saffman , K. Mølmer

We present an extension of Adiabatic Quantum Computing (AQC) algorithm for the unstructured search to the case when the number of marked items is unknown. The algorithm maintains the optimal Grover speedup and includes a small counting…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Zhenwei Cao , Alexander Elgart

Evolution of entanglement with the processing of quantum algorithms affects the outcome of the algorithm. Particularly, the performance of Grover's search algorithm gets worsened if the initial state of the algorithm is an entangled one.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arti Chamoli , C. M. Bhandari

When classically searching a database, having additional correct answers makes the search easier. For a discrete-time quantum walk searching a graph for a marked vertex, however, additional marked vertices can make the search harder by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-30 Krišjānis Prūsis , Jevgēnijs Vihrovs , Thomas G. Wong

We propose a simpler and more efficient scheme for the implementation of the multi-valued Grover's quantum search. The multi-valued search generalizes the original Grover's search by replacing qubits with qudits --- quantum systems of $d$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-21 S. S. Ivanov , H. S. Tonchev , N. V. Vitanov

We firstly investigate the multipartite entanglement features of the quantum states, including the iteration states achieved by repeated application of Grover iteration and the Oracle ones into which the above iteration states evolve by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-15 Ri Qu , Juan Wang , Zong-shang Li , Su-li Zhao , Yan-ru Bao , Xiao-chun Cao

Detecting genuine multipartite entanglement (GME) is a state-characterization task that benchmarks coherence and experimental control in quantum systems. Existing GME tests often require joint measurements on many qubits, posing challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Nicky Kai Hong Li , Xi Dai , Manuel H. Muñoz-Arias , Kevin Reuer , Marcus Huber , Nicolai Friis

Grover's quantum algorithm for an unstructured search problem and the Count algorithm by Brassard et al. are generalized to the case when the initial state is arbitrarily and maximally entangled. This ansatz might be relevant with quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Carlini , A. Hosoya

It is now experimentally possible to entangle thousands of qubits, and efficiently measure each qubit in parallel in a distinct basis. To fully characterize an unknown entangled state of $n$ qubits, one requires an exponential number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-18 Jordan Cotler , Frank Wilczek

The Groverian entanglement measure, G(psi), is applied to characterize a variety of pure quantum states |psi> of multiple qubits. The Groverian measure is calculated analytically for certain states of high symmetry, while for arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yishai Shimoni , Daniel Shapira , Ofer Biham

As quantum technologies advance, the ability to generate increasingly large quantum states has experienced rapid development. In this context, the verification and estimation of large entangled systems represents one of the main challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Joshua Morris , Valeria Saggio , Aleksandra Gočanin , Borivoje Dakić

The problem of noise incidence on qubits taking part of bipartite entanglement-based protocols is addressed. It is shown that the use of a three-partite GHZ state and measurements instead of their EPR counterparts allows the experimenter to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-10 M. G. M. Moreno , Alejandro Fonseca , Márcio M. Cunha