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Recent advances in soccer understanding have demonstrated rapid progress, yet existing research predominantly focuses on isolated or narrow tasks. To bridge this gap, we propose a comprehensive framework for holistic soccer understanding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiayuan Rao , Zifeng Li , Haoning Wu , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has led to significant improvements in automated decision-making. However, the increased performance of models often comes at the cost of explainability and transparency of their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jan Held , Hani Itani , Anthony Cioppa , Silvio Giancola , Bernard Ghanem , Marc Van Droogenbroeck

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at generic video understanding, their ability to support specialized, rule-grounded decision-making remains insufficiently explored. In this paper, we introduce RefereeBench, the first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yichen Xu , Yuanhang Liu , Chuhan Wang , Zihan Zhao , jinghan luo , Jianzhe Ma , Wenxuan Wang , Qin Jin

The integration of artificial intelligence in sports analytics has transformed soccer video understanding, enabling real-time, automated insights into complex game dynamics. Traditional approaches rely on isolated data streams, limiting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Sushant Gautam , Cise Midoglu , Vajira Thambawita , Michael A. Riegler , Pål Halvorsen , Mubarak Shah

The Video Assistant Referee (VAR) has revolutionized association football, enabling referees to review incidents on the pitch, make informed decisions, and ensure fairness. However, due to the lack of referees in many countries and the high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jan Held , Anthony Cioppa , Silvio Giancola , Abdullah Hamdi , Bernard Ghanem , Marc Van Droogenbroeck

Over the past decade, the technology used by referees in football has improved substantially, enhancing the fairness and accuracy of decisions. This progress has culminated in the implementation of the Video Assistant Referee (VAR), an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Jan Held , Anthony Cioppa , Silvio Giancola , Abdullah Hamdi , Christel Devue , Bernard Ghanem , Marc Van Droogenbroeck

The rapid evolution of digital sports media necessitates sophisticated information retrieval systems that can efficiently parse extensive multimodal datasets. This paper introduces SoccerRAG, an innovative framework designed to harness the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Aleksander Theo Strand , Sushant Gautam , Cise Midoglu , Pål Halvorsen

Intelligent sports video analysis demands a comprehensive understanding of temporal context, from micro-level actions to macro-level game strategies. Existing end-to-end models often struggle with this temporal hierarchy, offering solutions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Tsz-To Wong , Ching-Chun Huang , Hong-Han Shuai

Soccer understanding has recently garnered growing research interest due to its domain-specific complexity and unique challenges. Unlike prior works that typically rely on isolated, task-specific expert models, this work aims to propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Haolin Yang , Jiayuan Rao , Haoning Wu , Weidi Xie

The justice system has increasingly employed AI techniques to enhance efficiency, yet limitations remain in improving the quality of decision-making, particularly regarding transparency and explainability needed to uphold public trust in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Cong Jiang , Xiaolei Yang

Referring Video Object Segmentation (RVOS) aims to segment objects in videos based on textual queries. Current methods mainly rely on large-scale supervised fine-tuning (SFT) of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Haichao Jiang , Tianming Liang , Wei-Shi Zheng , Jian-Fang Hu

Vision-language models (VLMs) have recently shown strong potential in soccer video understanding. However, given the high complexity of soccer videos due to large viewpoint variations, rapid shot transitions, and cluttered scenes, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ismael Elsharkawi , Ahmed Sait , Silvio Giancola , Bernard Ghanem , Hossam Sharara , Abdelrahman Eldesokey

Even though Google Research Football (GRF) was initially benchmarked and studied as a single-agent environment in its original paper, recent years have witnessed an increasing focus on its multi-agent nature by researchers utilizing it as a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Yan Song , He Jiang , Haifeng Zhang , Zheng Tian , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang

In the last years, scientific and industrial research has experienced a growing interest in acquiring large annotated data sets to train artificial intelligence algorithms for tackling problems in different domains. In this context, we have…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Silvio Barra , Salvatore M. Carta , Alessandro Giuliani , Alessia Pisu , Alessandro Sebastian Podda , DanieleRiboni

Document Question Answering (DocQA) is a very common task. Existing methods using Large Language Models (LLMs) or Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) often prioritize information from a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Siwei Han , Peng Xia , Ruiyi Zhang , Tong Sun , Yun Li , Hongtu Zhu , Huaxiu Yao

Evaluation insights are limited by the availability of high-quality benchmarks. As models evolve, there is a need to create benchmarks that can measure progress on new and complex generative capabilities. However, manually creating new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Natasha Butt , Varun Chandrasekaran , Neel Joshi , Besmira Nushi , Vidhisha Balachandran

The rapid spread of misinformation in the digital era poses significant challenges to public discourse, necessitating robust and scalable fact-checking solutions. Traditional human-led fact-checking methods, while credible, struggle with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Tam Trinh , Manh Nguyen , Truong-Son Hy

The rapid evolution of digital sports media necessitates sophisticated information retrieval systems that can efficiently parse extensive multimodal datasets. This paper demonstrates SoccerRAG, an innovative framework designed to harness…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Aleksander Theo Strand , Sushant Gautam , Cise Midoglu , Pål Halvorsen

We propose GAM-Agent, a game-theoretic multi-agent framework for enhancing vision-language reasoning. Unlike prior single-agent or monolithic models, GAM-Agent formulates the reasoning process as a non-zero-sum game between base…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jusheng Zhang , Yijia Fan , Wenjun Lin , Ruiqi Chen , Haoyi Jiang , Wenhao Chai , Jian Wang , Keze Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to access external knowledge sources, but the effectiveness of RAG relies on the coordination between the retriever and the generator. Since these components are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Junlin Wang , Zehao Wu , Shaowei Lu , Yanlan Li , Xinghao Huang
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