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Autonomous AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) with structured function-calling interfaces enable real-time data retrieval, computation, and multi-step orchestration. However, the rapid growth of plugins, connectors, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Norbert Tihanyi , Djallel Hamouda , Leandros Maglaras , Abderrahmane Lakas , Merouane Debbah

Scientific research relies on accurate information retrieval from literature to support analytical decisions. In this work, we introduce a new task, INformation reTRieval through literAture reVIEW (IntraView), which aims to automate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Fengbo Ma , Zixin Rao , Xiaoting Li , Zhetao Chen , Hongyue Sun , Yiping Zhao , Xianyan Chen , Zhen Xiang

Advancements in large language models (LLMs) allow them to address diverse questions using human-like interfaces. Still, limitations in their training prevent them from answering accurately in scenarios that could benefit from multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Yoshitaka Inoue , Tianci Song , Xinling Wang , Augustin Luna , Tianfan Fu

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on external tools and retrieval systems to autonomously complete complex tasks. However, this design exposes agents to indirect prompt injection (IPI), where attacker-controlled context…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Tian Zhang , Yiwei Xu , Juan Wang , Keyan Guo , Xiaoyang Xu , Bowen Xiao , Quanlong Guan , Jinlin Fan , Jiawei Liu , Zhiquan Liu , Hongxin Hu

Despite the growing capabilities of autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs), their adoption in high-stakes domains remains limited. A key barrier is security: the inherently nondeterministic behavior of LLM agents defies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Adam AlSayyad , Kelvin Yuxiang Huang , Richik Pal

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) excel at perception but struggle with complex reasoning requiring precise acoustic measurements. While external tools can extract fine-grained features like exact tempo or pitch, effective integration…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Siqian Tong , Xuan Li , Yiwei Wang , Baolong Bi , Yujun Cai , Shenghua Liu , Yuchen He , Chengpeng Hao

Explainable Reinforcement Learning (XRL) has emerged as a promising approach in improving the transparency of Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents. However, there remains a gap between complex RL policies and domain experts, due to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Haechang Kim , Hao Chen , Can Li , Jong Min Lee

AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are being deployed at scale, yet we lack a systematic understanding of how the choice of backbone LLM affects agent security. The non-deterministic sequential nature of AI agents complicates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Julia Bazinska , Max Mathys , Francesco Casucci , Mateo Rojas-Carulla , Xander Davies , Alexandra Souly , Niklas Pfister

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities, yet their deployment in high-stakes domains is hindered by inherent limitations in trustworthiness, including hallucinations, instability, and a lack of transparency.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 David Peer , Sebastian Stabinger

Humans solve problems by executing targeted plans, yet large language models (LLMs) remain unreliable for structured workflow execution. We propose RunAgent, a multi-agent plan execution platform that interprets natural-language plans while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Arunabh Srivastava , Mohammad A. , Khojastepour , Srimat Chakradhar , Sennur Ulukus

We present Springdrift, a persistent runtime for long-lived LLM agents. The system integrates an auditable execution substrate (append-only memory, supervised processes, git-backed recovery), a case-based reasoning memory layer with hybrid…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Seamus Brady

Large Language Model (LLM) web agents often struggle with long-horizon web navigation and web task completion in new websites, producing inefficient action sequences unless fine-tuned on environment-specific data. We show that…

This work addresses the computational challenge of enforcing privacy for agentic Large Language Models (LLMs), where privacy is governed by the contextual integrity framework. Indeed, existing defenses rely on LLM-mediated checking stages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Saswat Das , Ferdinando Fioretto

Large language model (LLM) agents execute tasks through multi-step workflows that combine planning, memory, and tool use. While this design enables autonomy, it also expands the attack surface for backdoor threats. Backdoor triggers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yunhao Feng , Yige Li , Yutao Wu , Yingshui Tan , Yanming Guo , Yifan Ding , Kun Zhai , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

The rapidly evolving Node$.$js ecosystem currently includes millions of packages and is a critical part of modern software supply chains, making vulnerability detection of Node$.$js packages increasingly important. However, traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ronghao Ni , Mihai Christodorescu , Limin Jia

Recent work has embodied LLMs as agents, allowing them to access tools, perform actions, and interact with external content (e.g., emails or websites). However, external content introduces the risk of indirect prompt injection (IPI)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Qiusi Zhan , Zhixiang Liang , Zifan Ying , Daniel Kang

Rapidly evolving cyberattacks demand incident response systems that can autonomously learn and adapt to changing threats. Prior work has extensively explored the reinforcement learning approach, which involves learning response strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yiran Gao , Kim Hammar , Tao Li

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have shown great potential in addressing real-world data science problems. LLM-driven data science agents promise to automate the entire machine learning pipeline, yet their real-world effectiveness remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yixin Ou , Yujie Luo , Jingsheng Zheng , Lanning Wei , Zhuoyun Yu , Shuofei Qiao , Jintian Zhang , Da Zheng , Yuren Mao , Yunjun Gao , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised natural language processing tasks, particularly as chat agents. However, their applicability to threat detection problems remains unclear. This paper examines the feasibility of employing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Paul R. B. Houssel , Priyanka Singh , Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

Post-mortem analysis of compromised systems is a key aspect of cyber forensics, today a mostly manual, slow, and error-prone task. Agentic AI, i.e., LLM-powered agents, is a promising avenue for automation. However, applying such agents to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Stefano Fumero , Kai Huang , Matteo Boffa , Danilo Giordano , Marco Mellia , Dario Rossi