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This paper proposes a novel adaptive dual-path framework for covert semantic communication (SemCom), which integrates covert information transmission with task-oriented semantic coding. Unlike conventional covert communication methods that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xi Yu , Weicai Li , Lin Yin , Tiejun Lv

The emergence of multimodal large language models has redefined the agent paradigm by integrating language and vision modalities with external data sources, enabling agents to better interpret human instructions and execute increasingly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Le Wang , Zonghao Ying , Tianyuan Zhang , Siyuan Liang , Shengshan Hu , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

This paper studies a downlink secure integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, in which a multi-antenna base station (BS) transmits confidential messages to a single-antenna communication user (CU) while performing sensing on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Zixiang Ren , Ling Qiu , Jie Xu , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

Multimodal pretrained models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, yet most existing methods rely on visual or multimodal triggers, which are impractical since visually embedded triggers rarely occur in real-world data. To overcome this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yiyang Zhang , Chaojian Yu , Ziming Hong , Yuanjie Shao , Qinmu Peng , Tongliang Liu , Xinge You

Different from data-oriented communication systems that primarily focus on how to accurately transmit every bit of data, task-oriented semantic communication systems only transmit the specific semantic information required by downstream…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Wenbo Yu , Bin Chen , Qinshan Zhang , Shu-Tao Xia

As LLM-based agents become increasingly prevalent, backdoors can be implanted into agents through user queries or environment feedback, raising critical concerns regarding safety vulnerabilities. However, backdoor attacks are typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Pengyu Zhu , Zhenhong Zhou , Yuanhe Zhang , Shilinlu Yan , Kun Wang , Sen Su

Defenses against security threats have been an interest of recent studies. Recent works have shown that it is not difficult to attack a natural language processing (NLP) model while defending against them is still a cat-mouse game. Backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Sangeet Sagar , Abhinav Bhatt , Abhijith Srinivas Bidaralli

With the rapid advancement and deployment of intelligent agents and artificial general intelligence (AGI), a fundamental challenge for future networks is enabling efficient communications among agents. Unlike traditional human-centric,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Shaolong Guo , Yuntao Wang , Ning Zhang , Zhou Su , Tom H. Luan , Zhiyi Tian , Xuemin , Shen

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, such as backdoor attacks in which a malicious adversary compromises a model during training such that specific behaviour can be triggered at test time by attaching a specific word…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-21 You Guo , Jun Wang , Trevor Cohn

Multimodal contrastive learning has emerged as a powerful paradigm for building high-quality features using the complementary strengths of various data modalities. However, the open nature of such systems inadvertently increases the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Siyuan Liang , Kuanrong Liu , Jiajun Gong , Jiawei Liang , Yuan Xun , Ee-Chien Chang , Xiaochun Cao

Diffusion models (DMs) are advanced deep learning models that achieved state-of-the-art capability on a wide range of generative tasks. However, recent studies have shown their vulnerability regarding backdoor attacks, in which backdoored…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Vu Tuan Truong , Long Bao Le

Backdoor attack intends to embed hidden backdoor into deep neural networks (DNNs), so that the attacked models perform well on benign samples, whereas their predictions will be maliciously changed if the hidden backdoor is activated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Yiming Li , Yong Jiang , Zhifeng Li , Shu-Tao Xia

In recent years, Semantic Communication (SemCom), which aims to achieve efficient and reliable transmission of meaning between agents, has garnered significant attention from both academia and industry. To ensure the security of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Rui Meng , Dayu Fan , Haixiao Gao , Yifan Yuan , Bizhu Wang , Xiaodong Xu , Mengying Sun , Chen Dong , Xiaofeng Tao , Ping Zhang , Dusit Niyato

LLM-based code interpreter agents are increasingly deployed in critical workflows, yet their robustness against risks introduced by their code execution capabilities remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks are limited to static datasets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Lei Ba , Qinbin Li , Songze Li

Transferable backdoors pose a severe threat to the Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) supply chain, yet defensive research remains nascent, primarily relying on detecting anomalies in the output feature space. We identify a critical flaw…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Tianhang Zhao , Wei Du , Haodong Zhao , Sufeng Duan , Gongshen Liu

Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to deep neural networks (DNNs), allowing adversaries to implant triggers for hidden behaviors in inference. Defending against such vulnerabilities is especially difficult in the post-training setting,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Weijun Li , Ansh Arora , Xuanli He , Mark Dras , Qiongkai Xu

Large amounts of incremental learning algorithms have been proposed to alleviate the catastrophic forgetting issue arises while dealing with sequential data on a time series. However, the adversarial robustness of incremental learners has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Yiqi Zhong , Xianming Liu , Deming Zhai , Junjun Jiang , Xiangyang Ji

Semantic communication aims to transmit information most relevant to a task rather than raw data, offering significant gains in communication efficiency for applications such as telepresence, augmented reality, and remote sensing. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Matin Mortaheb , Erciyes Karakaya , Sennur Ulukus

Semantic communication (SemCom) has emerged as a promising paradigm for future wireless networks by prioritizing task-relevant meaning over raw data delivery, thereby reducing communication overhead and improving efficiency. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Weixuan Chen , Qianqian Yang , Yuanyuan Jia , Junyu Pan , Shuo Shao , Jincheng Dai , Meixia Tao , Ping Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across diverse natural language processing tasks, but their growing power also amplifies potential risks such as jailbreak attacks that circumvent built-in safety mechanisms.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Qinjian Zhao , Jiaqi Wang , Zhiqiang Gao , Zhihao Dou , Belal Abuhaija , Kaizhu Huang