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As AI systems become more advanced, concerns about large-scale risks from misuse or accidents have grown. This report analyzes the technical research into safe AI development being conducted by three leading AI companies: Anthropic, Google…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Oscar Delaney , Oliver Guest , Zoe Williams

AI models are constantly evolving, with new versions released frequently. Human-AI interaction guidelines encourage notifying users about changes in model capabilities, ideally supported by thorough benchmarking. However, as AI systems…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Vikram Mohanty , Jude Lim , Kurt Luther

This paper contributes to the nascent debate around safety cases for frontier AI systems. Safety cases are structured, defensible arguments that a system is acceptably safe to deploy in a given context. Historically, they have been used in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Shaun Feakins , Ibrahim Habli , Phillip Morgan

Harm reporting in Artificial Intelligence (AI) currently lacks a structured process for disclosing and addressing algorithmic flaws, relying largely on an ad-hoc approach. This contrasts sharply with the well-established Coordinated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Sven Cattell , Avijit Ghosh , Lucie-Aimée Kaffee

AI model documentation is fragmented across platforms and inconsistent in structure, preventing policymakers, auditors, and users from reliably assessing safety claims, data provenance, and version-level changes. We analyzed documentation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Akhmadillo Mamirov , Faiaz Azmain , Hanyu Wang

The rapid integration of AI-powered coding assistants into developer workflows has raised significant privacy and trust concerns. As developers entrust proprietary code to services like OpenAI's GPT, Google's Gemini, and GitHub Copilot, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Amir AL-Maamari

As AI systems become more advanced, companies and regulators will make difficult decisions about whether it is safe to train and deploy them. To prepare for these decisions, we investigate how developers could make a 'safety case,' which is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Joshua Clymer , Nick Gabrieli , David Krueger , Thomas Larsen

As the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence tools have grown in higher education and research, there have been increasing calls for transparency and granularity around the use and attribution of the use of these tools. Thus far, this…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Kari D. Weaver

To facilitate the widespread acceptance of AI systems guiding decision-making in real-world applications, it is key that solutions comprise trustworthy, integrated human-AI systems. Not only in safety-critical applications such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Florian Buettner , John Piorkowski , Ian McCulloh , Ulli Waltinger

With the advancement of AI models, more software systems are adopting AI as a component to facilitate automation. Pre-trained models (PTMs) have become a cornerstone of AI-based software, allowing for rapid integration and development with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Haoyu Gao , Mansooreh Zahedi , Wenxin Jiang , Hong Yi Lin , James Davis , Christoph Treude

Companies dealing with Artificial Intelligence (AI) models in Autonomous Systems (AS) face several problems, such as users' lack of trust in adverse or unknown conditions, gaps between software engineering and AI model development, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Silverio Martínez-Fernández , Xavier Franch , Andreas Jedlitschka , Marc Oriol , Adam Trendowicz

Generative AI technologies are gaining unprecedented popularity, causing a mix of excitement and apprehension through their remarkable capabilities. In this paper, we study the challenges associated with deploying synthetic data, a subfield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Lauren Arthur , Jason Costello , Jonathan Hardy , Will O'Brien , James Rea , Gareth Rees , Georgi Ganev

In recent years we have seen substantial advances in foundation models for artificial intelligence, including language, vision, and multimodal models. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of using foundation models in geospatial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Jinmeng Rao , Song Gao , Gengchen Mai , Krzysztof Janowicz

The complex and evolving threat landscape of frontier AI development requires a multi-layered approach to risk management ("defense-in-depth"). By reviewing cybersecurity and AI frameworks, we outline three approaches that can help identify…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Shaun Ee , Joe O'Brien , Zoe Williams , Amanda El-Dakhakhni , Michael Aird , Alex Lintz

We review key considerations, practices, and areas for future work aimed at the responsible development and fielding of AI technologies. We describe critical challenges and make recommendations on topics that should be given priority…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Eric Horvitz , Jessica Young , Rama G. Elluru , Chuck Howell

Responsible AI principles provide ethical guidelines for developing AI systems, yet their practical implementation in software engineering lacks thorough investigation. Therefore, this study explores the practices and challenges faced by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Matheus de Morais Leça , Mariana Bento , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Observers and practitioners of artificial intelligence (AI) have proposed an FDA-style licensing regime for the most advanced AI models, or 'frontier' models. In this paper, we explore the applicability of approval regulation -- that is,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Daniel Carpenter , Carson Ezell

As Artificial Intelligence becomes increasingly central to corporate strategies, concerns over its risks are growing too. In response, regulators are pushing for greater transparency in how companies identify, report and mitigate AI-related…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Lucas G. Uberti-Bona Marin , Bram Rijsbosch , Gerasimos Spanakis , Konrad Kollnig

Frontier AI labs face intense commercial competitive pressure to develop increasingly powerful systems, raising the risk of a race to the bottom on safety. Voluntary coordination among labs - including by way of joint safety testing,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Nicholas Felstead

This paper examines the critical challenges and potential solutions for conducting secure and effective external evaluations of general-purpose AI (GPAI) models. With the exponential growth in size, capability, reach and accompanying risk…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Alejandro Tlaie , Jimmy Farrell
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