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Traditional hardware platforms - ASICs and FPGAs - offer competing trade-offs among performance, flexibility, and sustainability. ASICs provide high efficiency but are inflexible post-fabrication, require costly re-spins for updates, and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Ishraq Tashdid , Dewan Saiham , Nafisa Anjum , Tasnuva Farheen , Sazadur Rahman

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are vital for sequential data processing. Long Short-Term Memory Autoencoders (LSTM-AEs) are particularly effective for unsupervised anomaly detection in time-series data. However, inherent sequential…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aimilios Leftheriotis , Dimosthenis Masouros , Dimitrios Soudris , George Theodoridis

Embedded field programmable gate array (eFPGA) technology allows the implementation of reconfigurable logic within the design of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). This approach offers the low power and efficiency of an ASIC…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Julia Gonski , Aseem Gupta , Haoyi Jia , Hyunjoon Kim , Lorenzo Rota , Larry Ruckman , Angelo Dragone , Ryan Herbst

The emergence of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in mission- and safety-critical applications brings their reliability to the front. High performance demands of DNNs require the use of specialized hardware accelerators. Systolic array…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Natalia Cherezova , Artur Jutman , Maksim Jenihhin

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly deployed across distributed and resource-constrained platforms, such as System-on-Chip (SoC) accelerators and edge-cloud systems. DNNs are often partitioned and executed across heterogeneous…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Mukta Debnath , Krishnendu Guha , Debasri Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti , Susmita Sur-Kolay

Ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of DNN accelerators is paramount across various scenarios spanning autonomous driving, healthcare, and finance. However, current security approaches typically require extensive hardware resources,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wei Xuan , Zhongrui Wang , Lang Feng , Ning Lin , Zihao Xuan , Rongliang Fu , Tsung-Yi Ho , Yuzhong Jiao , Luhong Liang

During the last decade, Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have progressively been integrated on all types of platforms, from data centers to embedded systems including low-power processors and, recently, FPGAs. Neural Networks (NN) are expected to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Maria Méndez Real , Rubén Salvador

The growing concerns regarding energy consumption and privacy have prompted the development of AI solutions deployable on the edge, circumventing the substantial CO2 emissions associated with cloud servers and mitigating risks related to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Federico Nicolas Peccia , Svetlana Pavlitska , Tobias Fleck , Oliver Bringmann

Almost in every heavily computation-dependent application, from 6G communication systems to autonomous driving platforms, a large portion of computing should be near to the client side. Edge computing (AI at Edge) in mobile devices is one…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Seyed Nima Omidsajedi , Rekha Reddy , Jianming Yi , Jan Herbst , Christoph Lipps , Hans Dieter Schotten

A surge in artificial intelligence and autonomous technologies have increased the demand toward enhanced edge-processing capabilities. Computational complexity and size of state-of-the-art Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are rising…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Rawan Naous , Lazar Supic , Yoonhwan Kang , Ranko Sredojevic , Anish Singhani , Vladimir Stojanovic

The increase in open-source availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled users to deploy them on more and more resource-constrained edge devices to reduce reliance on network connections and provide more privacy. However, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Jude Haris , Rappy Saha , Wenhao Hu , José Cano

Edge AI inference is becoming prevalent thanks to the emergence of small yet high-performance microprocessors. This shift from cloud to edge processing brings several benefits in terms of energy savings, improved latency, and increased…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Nuntipat Narkthong , Xiaolin Xu

To lower cost and increase the utilization of Cloud Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), researchers have recently been exploring the concept of multi-tenant FPGAs, where multiple independent users simultaneously share the same remote…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Shayan Moini , Shanquan Tian , Jakub Szefer , Daniel Holcomb , Russell Tessier

Edge AI applications increasingly require models that can learn and adapt on-device with minimal energy budget. Traditional deep learning models, while powerful, are often overparameterized, energy-hungry, and dependent on cloud…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Muhammad Ihsan Al Hafiz , Naresh Ravichandran , Anders Lansner , Pawel Herman , Artur Podobas

Edge AI deployment faces critical challenges balancing computational performance, energy efficiency, and resource constraints. This paper presents FPGA-accelerated RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) extensions for efficient neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Arya Parameshwara , Santosh Hanamappa Mokashi

Analog compute-in-memory (CIM) systems are promising for deep neural network (DNN) inference acceleration due to their energy efficiency and high throughput. However, as the use of DNNs expands, protecting user input privacy has become…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Ziyu Wang , Yuting Wu , Yongmo Park , Sangmin Yoo , Xinxin Wang , Jason K. Eshraghian , Wei D. Lu

The growing use of third-party hardware accelerators (e.g., FPGAs, ASICs) for deep neural networks (DNNs) introduces new security vulnerabilities. Conventional model-level backdoor attacks, which only poison a model's weights to misclassify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sanskar Amgain , Daniel Lobo , Atri Chatterjee , Swarup Bhunia , Fnu Suya

The increasing diversity and complexity of transformer workloads at the edge present significant challenges in balancing performance, energy efficiency, and architectural flexibility. This paper introduces NX-CGRA, a programmable hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Rohit Prasad

Neural Networks (NN) provide a solid and reliable way of executing different types of applications, ranging from speech recognition to medical diagnosis, speeding up onerous and long workloads. The challenges involved in their…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Federico Manca , Francesco Ratto

The edge computing paradigm has emerged to handle cloud computing issues such as scalability, security and low response time among others. This new computing trend heavily relies on ubiquitous embedded systems on the edge. Performance and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Mohammad Hosseinabady , Mohd Amiruddin Bin Zainol , Jose Nunez-Yanez