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Text-to-SQL enables non-experts to retrieve data from databases by converting natural language queries into SQL. However, state-of-the-art text-to-SQL studies rely on the BIRD dataset, which assumes that evidence is provided along with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Janghyeon Yun , Sang-goo Lee

Text-to-SQL is a fundamental yet challenging task in the NLP area, aiming at translating natural language questions into SQL queries. While recent advances in large language models have greatly improved performance, most existing approaches…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shuozhi Yuan , Limin Chen , Miaomiao Yuan , Zhao Jin

Natural language to SQL (NL2SQL) conversion is an important problem for researchers and enterprises due to the ubiquitous importance of relational databases in broad-ranging practical problems. Despite the rapid advancements in the…

Despite recent progress in text-to-SQL parsing, current semantic parsers are still not accurate enough for practical use. In this paper, we investigate how to build automatic text-to-SQL error correction models. Noticing that token-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Ziru Chen , Shijie Chen , Michael White , Raymond Mooney , Ali Payani , Jayanth Srinivasa , Yu Su , Huan Sun

Generating accurate SQL queries for user questions (text-to-SQL) has been a long-standing challenge since it requires a deep understanding of both the user's question and the corresponding database schema in order to retrieve the desired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Zijin Hong , Zheng Yuan , Hao Chen , Qinggang Zhang , Feiran Huang , Xiao Huang

Translating natural language queries into SQL queries (NL2SQL or Text-to-SQL) has recently been empowered by large language models (LLMs). Using LLMs to perform NL2SQL methods on a large collection of SQL databases necessitates processing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Dominik Jehle , Lennart Purucker , Frank Hutter

LLM-based search agents achieve strong performance but suffer from severe latency, as each step requires serialized LLM reasoning followed by action of tool execution. We revisit this bottleneck through the lens of speculation. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Zixiao Huang , Wen Zeng , Tianyu Fu , Tengxuan Liu , Yizhou Sun , Ke Hong , Xinhao Yang , Chengchun Liu , Yan Li , Quanlu Zhang , Guohao Dai , Zhenhua Zhu , Yu Wang

People without a database background usually rely on file systems or tools such as Excel for data management, which often lead to redundancy and data inconsistency. Relational databases possess strong data management capabilities, but…

One of the recent best attempts at Text-to-SQL is the pre-trained language model. Due to the structural property of the SQL queries, the seq2seq model takes the responsibility of parsing both the schema items (i.e., tables and columns) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Haoyang Li , Jing Zhang , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen

Text-to-SQL parsing tackles the problem of mapping natural language questions to executable SQL queries. In practice, text-to-SQL parsers often encounter various challenging scenarios, requiring them to be generalizable and robust. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Chang Gao , Bowen Li , Wenxuan Zhang , Wai Lam , Binhua Li , Fei Huang , Luo Si , Yongbin Li

Large language models (LLMs) consistently achieve strong results on text-to-SQL benchmarks, but their robustness to schema variations remains poorly understood. Recent work suggests that the schema structure matters, but does not provide a…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Nitin Kanchinadam , Aditya Menachery , Amol Deshpande

Despite remarkable progress in text-to-SQL semantic parsing in recent years, the performance of existing parsers is still far from perfect. Specifically, modern text-to-SQL parsers based on deep learning are often over-confident, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Shijie Chen , Ziru Chen , Huan Sun , Yu Su

While large language models (LLMs) have substantially improved Text-to-SQL generation, a pronounced gap remains between AI systems and human experts on challenging benchmarks such as BIRD-SQL. We argue this gap stems largely from the…

Converting natural language (NL) questions into SQL queries, referred to as Text-to-SQL, has emerged as a pivotal technology for facilitating access to relational databases, especially for users without SQL knowledge. Recent progress in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yiming Huang , Jiyu Guo , Wenxin Mao , Cuiyun Gao , Peiyi Han , Chuanyi Liu , Qing Ling

The generalizability to new databases is of vital importance to Text-to-SQL systems which aim to parse human utterances into SQL statements. Existing works achieve this goal by leveraging the exact matching method to identify the lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Aiwei Liu , Xuming Hu , Li Lin , Lijie Wen

SQL-to-Text generation aims at translating structured SQL queries into natural language descriptions, thereby facilitating comprehension of complex database operations for non-technical users. Although large language models (LLMs) have…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Sriom Chakrabarti , Chuangtao Ma , Arijit Khan , Sebastian Link

Large enterprise databases can be complex and messy, obscuring the data semantics needed for analytical tasks. We propose a semantic layer in-between the database and the user as a set of small and easy-to-interpret database views,…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Agapi Rissaki , Ilias Fountalis , Nikolaos Vasiloglou , Wolfgang Gatterbauer

The introduction of large language models has brought rapid progress on Text-to-SQL benchmarks, but it is not yet easy to build a working enterprise solution. In this paper, we present insights from building an internal chatbot that enables…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved performance on the Text-to-SQL task. However, prior approaches typically rely on static, pre-processed database information provided at inference time, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Wenxuan Xie , Yaxun Dai , Wenhao Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong capabilities in text processing, and recent research has augmented SQL and DataFrame with LLM-powered semantic operators for data analysis. However, LLM-based data processing is hindered by slower…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chao Hui , Weizheng Lu , Yanjie Gao , Lingfeng Xiong , Yunhai Wang , Yueguo Chen