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Multi-agent systems built on large language models (LLMs) are expected to enhance decision-making by pooling distributed information, yet systematically evaluating this capability has remained challenging. We introduce HiddenBench, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yuxuan Li , Aoi Naito , Hirokazu Shirado

The diverse agents in multi-agent perception systems may be from different companies. Each company might use the identical classic neural network architecture based encoder for feature extraction. However, the data source to train the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Jinlong Li , Baolu Li , Xinyu Liu , Runsheng Xu , Jiaqi Ma , Hongkai Yu

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly capable of autonomously conducting cyberattacks, posing significant threats to existing applications. This growing risk highlights the urgent need for a real-world benchmark to evaluate the…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents show considerable promise for automating complex tasks using contextual reasoning; however, interactions involving multiple agents and the system's susceptibility to prompt injection and other forms of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Kaiyuan Zhang , Zian Su , Pin-Yu Chen , Elisa Bertino , Xiangyu Zhang , Ninghui Li

Ensuring safety in autonomous multi-agent systems during time-critical tasks such as rendezvous is a fundamental challenge, particularly under communication delays and uncertainty in system parameters. In this paper, we develop a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Vivek Pandey , Nader Motee

Modern open-world agents such as OpenClaw exhibit powerful cross-environment execution capabilities yet introduce broad new safety risk sources. Meanwhile, advanced frontier AI models drastically lower attack barriers, rendering current…

Multi-agent collaboration enhances situational awareness in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions. Ad hoc networks of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) allow for real-time data sharing, but they face security…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 R. Spencer Hallyburton , Miroslav Pajic

The aim of multi-agent reinforcement learning systems is to provide interacting agents with the ability to collaboratively learn and adapt to the behavior of other agents. In many real-world applications, the agents can only acquire a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Mingyang Geng , Kele Xu , Yiying Li , Shuqi Liu , Bo Ding , Huaimin Wang

AI-agent guardrails are memoryless: each message is judged in isolation, so an adversary who spreads a single attack across dozens of sessions slips past every session-bound detector because only the aggregate carries the payload. We make…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ari Azarafrooz

The acquisition of agentic capabilities has transformed LLMs from "knowledge providers" to "action executors", a trend that while expanding LLMs' capability boundaries, significantly increases their susceptibility to malicious use. Previous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jinchuan Zhang , Lu Yin , Yan Zhou , Songlin Hu

Detecting machine-generated text (MGT) from contemporary Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly crucial amid risks like disinformation and threats to academic integrity. Existing zero-shot detection paradigms, despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yue Wang , Liesheng Wei , Yuxiang Wang

Multi-agent LLM ensembles can converge on coordinated, socially harmful equilibria. This paper advances an experimental framework for evaluating Institutional AI, our system-level approach to AI alignment that reframes alignment from…

Large language models deployed as agents increasingly interact with external systems through tool calls--actions with real-world consequences that text outputs alone do not carry. Safety evaluations, however, overwhelmingly measure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Arnold Cartagena , Ariane Teixeira

In this paper, we study scalable $\delta-$level coherent state synchronization for multi-agent systems (MAS) where the agents are subject to bounded disturbances/noises. We propose a scale-free framework designed solely based on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-29 Donya Nojavanzadeh , Zhenwei Liu , Ali Saberi , Anton A. Stoorvogel

This paper studies the problem of steering large-scale multi-agent stochastic linear systems between Gaussian distributions under probabilistic collision avoidance constraints. We introduce a family of \textit{distributed covariance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Augustinos D. Saravanos , Isin M. Balci , Arshiya Taj Abdul , Efstathios Bakolas , Evangelos A. Theodorou

One of the main challenges of multi-agent learning lies in establishing convergence of the algorithms, as, in general, a collection of individual, self-serving agents is not guaranteed to converge with their joint policy, when learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Aleksander Czechowski , Frans A. Oliehoek

We stress-tested 16 leading models from multiple developers in hypothetical corporate environments to identify potentially risky agentic behaviors before they cause real harm. In the scenarios, we allowed models to autonomously send emails…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Aengus Lynch , Benjamin Wright , Caleb Larson , Stuart J. Ritchie , Soren Mindermann , Evan Hubinger , Ethan Perez , Kevin Troy

Large language model (LLM) agents with extended autonomy unlock new capabilities, but also introduce heightened challenges for LLM safety. In particular, an LLM agent may pursue objectives that deviate from human values and ethical norms, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Chen Chen , Kim Young Il , Yuan Yang , Wenhao Su , Yilin Zhang , Xueluan Gong , Qian Wang , Yongsen Zheng , Ziyao Liu , Kwok-Yan Lam

While passive agents merely follow instructions, proactive agents align with higher-level objectives, such as assistance and safety by continuously monitoring the environment to determine when and how to act. However, developing proactive…

Satellite-terrestrial networks (STNs) have emerged as a promising architecture for providing seamless wireless coverage and connectivity for multiple users. However, potential malicious eavesdroppers pose a serious threat to the private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yujie Ling , Zan Li , Lei Guan , Zheng Zhang , Shengyu Zhang , Tony Q. S. Quek