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Autonomous driving has made significant strides through data-driven techniques, achieving robust performance in standardized tasks. However, existing methods frequently overlook user-specific preferences, offering limited scope for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Chengkai Xu , Jiaqi Liu , Yicheng Guo , Yuhang Zhang , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

Hybrid Language Models (HLMs) combine the low-latency efficiency of Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices with the high accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) on centralized servers. Unlike traditional end-to-end LLM inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Faranaksadat Solat , Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Dusit Niyato , H. Vincent Poor

Longitudinal-only platooning methods are facing great challenges on running mobility, since they may be impeded by slow-moving vehicles from time to time. To address this issue, this paper proposes a vehicles swarming method coupled both…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jia Hu , Nuoheng Zhang , Haoran Wang , Tenglong Jiang , Junnian Zheng , Feilong Liu

Vision-language models (VLMs) serve as general-purpose end-to-end models in autonomous driving, performing subtasks such as prediction, planning, and perception through question-and-answer interactions. However, most existing methods rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Enming Zhang , Xingyuan Dai , Min Huang , Yisheng Lv , Qinghai Miao

Cloud-hosted LLM driver agents provide useful semantic judgments, but their inference latency exceeds stepwise vehicle-control windows. Learned world models predict futures, but they usually keep future generation and action selection…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Anjie Qiu , Hans D. Schotten

Cooperative perception has been widely used in autonomous driving to alleviate the inherent limitation of single automated vehicle perception. To enable cooperation, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication plays an indispensable role. This…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-20 Chenguang Liu , Yunfei Chen , Jianjun Chen , Ryan Payton , Michael Riley , Shuang-Hua Yang

Federated Learning (FL) is expected to play a prominent role for privacy-preserving machine learning (ML) in autonomous vehicles. FL involves the collaborative training of a single ML model among edge devices on their distributed datasets…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Afaf Taik , Zoubeir Mlika , Soumaya Cherkaoui

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly explored as high-level reasoning engines for cyber-physical systems, yet their application to real-time UAV swarm management remains challenging due to heterogeneous interfaces, limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Andrea Iannoli , Lorenzo Gigli , Luca Sciullo , Angelo Trotta , Marco Di Felice

Efficient agentic systems should incur expensive frontier-model costs only on decisions where a cheaper local model is likely to fail. Existing LLM cascades usually route whole queries before execution, but task difficulty shifts…

Dense low-altitude aerial operations require more than pre-flight route coordination and last-resort collision avoidance. Once aircraft are airborne, disturbances can emerge on timescales shorter than strategic reauthorization can absorb,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Mehrnaz Sabet

Modern vehicles are equipped with more and more sophisticated computer modules, which need to periodically download files from the cloud, such as security certificates, digital maps, system firmwares, etc. Collaborative content distribution…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-07-05 Rusheng Zhang , Bo Yu , Hariharan Krishnan

Efficient path planning in robotics, particularly within large-scale, complex environments, remains a significant hurdle. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer strong reasoning capabilities, their high computational cost and limited…

Recent breakthroughs in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have endowed AI systems with unified perception, reasoning and natural-language interaction across text, image and video streams. Meanwhile, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)…

End-to-end autonomous driving has emerged as a promising paradigm for achieving robust and intelligent driving policies. However, existing end-to-end methods still face significant challenges, such as suboptimal decision-making in complex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Peiru Zheng , Yun Zhao , Zhan Gong , Hong Zhu , Shaohua Wu

The coordination of robot swarms - large decentralized teams of robots - generally relies on robust and efficient inter-robot communication. Maintaining communication between robots is particularly challenging in field deployments.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Vivek Shankar Varadharajan , David St-Onge , Bram Adams , Giovanni Beltrame

End-to-end autonomous driving systems map sensor data directly to control commands, but remain opaque, lack interpretability, and offer no formal safety guarantees. While recent vision-language-guided reinforcement learning (RL) methods…

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale, the memory footprint of key-value (KV) caches during inference has become a significant bottleneck. Existing approaches primarily focus on compressing KV caches within a single prompt or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xinye Zhao , Spyridon Mastorakis

Autonomous driving systems face significant challenges in handling unpredictable edge-case scenarios, such as adversarial pedestrian movements, dangerous vehicle maneuvers, and sudden environmental changes. Current end-to-end driving models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Dianwei Chen , Zifan Zhang , Lei Cheng , Yuchen Liu , Xianfeng Terry Yang

Large language model (LLM) inference at the network edge is a promising serving paradigm that leverages distributed edge resources to run inference near users and enhance privacy. Existing edge-based LLM inference systems typically adopt…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Bingjie Zhu , Zhixiong Chen , Liqiang Zhao , Hyundong Shin , Arumugam Nallanathan

Conventional end-to-end autonomous driving methods often rely on explicit global scene representations, which typically consist of 3D object detection, online mapping, and motion prediction. In contrast, human drivers selectively attend to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ruiqi Song , Xianda Guo , Yanlun Peng , Qinggong Wei , Hangbin Wu , Long Chen