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Multi-agent systems (MAS) are increasingly capable of tackling complex real-world tasks, yet their reliance on inter-agent coordination, tool use, and long-horizon reasoning makes error recognition particularly challenging. Minor errors can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yifan Yu , Moyan Li , Shaoyuan Xu , Jinmiao Fu , Xinhai Hou , Fan Lai , Bryan Wang

System tracing has become essential for understanding complex software behavior in modern systems, yet sophisticated trace analysis tools face significant adoption gaps in industrial settings. Through a year-long collaboration with Ericsson…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kaveh Shahedi , Matthew Khouzam , Heng Li , Maxime Lamothe , Foutse Khomh

Monitoring is a runtime verification technique that allows one to check whether an ongoing computation of a system (partial trace) satisfies a given formula. It does not need a complete model of the system, but it typically requires the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Andrea Brunello , Luca Geatti , Angelo Montanari , Nicola Saccomanno

As the focus in LLM-based coding shifts from static single-step code generation to multi-step agentic interaction with tools and environments, understanding which tasks will challenge agents and why becomes increasingly difficult. This is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Chris Ge , Daria Kryvosheieva , Daniel Fried , Uzay Girit , Kaivalya Hariharan

LLM agents are rapidly evolving from coding assistants into autonomous software engineering systems. However, existing evaluation methodologies remain largely centered on static, isolated, and short-horizon benchmarks that fail to capture…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yipeng Ouyang , Xin Huang , Bingjie Liu , Zhongchun Zheng , Yuhao Gu , Xianwei Zhang

As multi-agent AI systems are increasingly deployed in real-world settings - from automated customer support to DevOps remediation - failures become harder to diagnose due to cascading effects, hidden dependencies, and long execution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zhaohui Geoffrey Wang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have greatly extended the capabilities of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), demonstrating significant effectiveness across a wide range of complex and open-ended domains. However, despite this…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and agent system designs have empowered agents with unprecedented levels of capability. However, existing agent benchmarks are showing a trend of rapid ceiling-hitting by newly developed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Dadi Guo , Tianyi Zhou , Dongrui Liu , Chen Qian , Qihan Ren , Shuai Shao , Zhiyuan Fan , Yi R. Fung , Kun Wang , Linfeng Zhang , Jing Shao

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) represents a substantial leap forward in natural language understanding and generation. However, alongside these advancements come significant challenges related to the accountability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Cheng Wang , Xinyang Lu , See-Kiong Ng , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agentic systems, often comprising multiple models, complex tool invocations, and orchestration protocols, substantially outperform monolithic agents. Yet this very sophistication amplifies their fragility,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Guibin Zhang , Junhao Wang , Junjie Chen , Wangchunshu Zhou , Kun Wang , Shuicheng Yan

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly expected to operate in enterprise environments, where work is distributed across specialized roles, permission-controlled systems, and cross-departmental procedures. However, existing…

Recent work, spanning from autonomous vehicle coordination to in-space assembly, has shown the importance of learning collaborative behavior for enabling robots to achieve shared goals. A common approach for learning this cooperative…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Kartik Nagpal , Dayi Dong , Jean-Baptiste Bouvier , Negar Mehr

TThis paper argues that \textbf{a comprehensive vulnerability analysis is essential for building trustworthy Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-MAS)}. These systems, which consist of multiple LLM-powered agents working…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Pengfei He , Yue Xing , Juanhui Li , Shen Dong , Zhenwei Dai , Xianfeng Tang , Hui Liu , Han Xu , Zhen Xiang , Charu C. Aggarwal , Hui Liu

Information retrieval (IR) evaluation remains challenging due to incomplete IR benchmark datasets that contain unlabeled relevant chunks. While LLMs and LLM-human hybrid strategies reduce costly human effort, they remain prone to LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Minjeong Ban , Jeonghwan Choi , Hyangsuk Min , Nicole Hee-Yeon Kim , Minseok Kim , Jae-Gil Lee , Hwanjun Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed in agentic environments must exercise multiple capabilities across different task instances, where a capability is performing one or more actions in a trajectory that are necessary for successfully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hangoo Kang , Tarun Suresh , Jon Saad-Falcon , Azalia Mirhoseini

AI agents execute complex multi-step processes, but current evaluation falls short: outcome metrics report success or failure without explaining why, and process-level approaches struggle to connect failure types to their precise locations…

Question answering (QA) over structured tables requires not only accurate answers but also transparency about which cells support them. Existing table QA systems rarely provide fine-grained attribution, so even correct answers often lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Tejas Anvekar , Junha Park , Rajat Jha , Devanshu Gupta , Poojah Ganesan , Puneeth Mathur , Vivek Gupta

LLM-based agents can execute actions that are syntactically valid, user-sanctioned, and semantically appropriate, yet still violate organizational policy because the facts needed for correct policy judgment are hidden at decision time. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jie Wu , Ming Gong

Large Language Model (LLM)-powered multi-agent systems (MAS) have rapidly advanced collaborative reasoning, tool use, and role-specialized coordination in complex tasks. However, reliability-critical deployment remains hindered by a…

Deep research agents increasingly automate complex information-seeking tasks, producing evidence-grounded reports via multi-step reasoning, tool use, and synthesis. Their growing role demands scalable, reliable evaluation, positioning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Leyao Wang , Yanan He , Peng Chen , Asaf Yehudai , Yixin Liu , Rex Ying , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer , Arman Cohan