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Transformer-based models have recently become dominant in Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF), yet the variations in their architecture, such as encoder-only, encoder-decoder, and decoder-only designs, raise a crucial question: What…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Lefei Shen , Mouxiang Chen , Han Fu , Xiaoxue Ren , Xiaoyun Joy Wang , Jianling Sun , Zhuo Li , Chenghao Liu

Transformer is a powerful architecture that achieves superior performance on various sequence learning tasks, including neural machine translation, language understanding, and sequence prediction. At the core of the Transformer is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Yao-Hung Hubert Tsai , Shaojie Bai , Makoto Yamada , Louis-Philippe Morency , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Non-hierarchical sparse attention Transformer-based models, such as Longformer and Big Bird, are popular approaches to working with long documents. There are clear benefits to these approaches compared to the original Transformer in terms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Ilias Chalkidis , Xiang Dai , Manos Fergadiotis , Prodromos Malakasiotis , Desmond Elliott

Transformer-based models are unable to process long sequences due to their self-attention operation, which scales quadratically with the sequence length. To address this limitation, we introduce the Longformer with an attention mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Iz Beltagy , Matthew E. Peters , Arman Cohan

Transformer has obtained promising results on cognitive speech signal processing field, which is of interest in various applications ranging from emotion to neurocognitive disorder analysis. However, most works treat speech signal as a…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Weidong Chen , Xiaofen Xing , Xiangmin Xu , Jianxin Pang , Lan Du

The Transformer is a highly successful deep learning model that has revolutionised the world of artificial neural networks, first in natural language processing and later in computer vision. This model is based on the attention mechanism…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Riccardo Ughi , Eugenio Lomurno , Matteo Matteucci

In this paper, we present DevFormer, a novel transformer-based architecture for addressing the complex and computationally demanding problem of hardware design optimization. Despite the demonstrated efficacy of transformers in domains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Haeyeon Kim , Minsu Kim , Federico Berto , Joungho Kim , Jinkyoo Park

Transformer model has been widely used on machine translation tasks and obtained state-of-the-art results. In this paper, we report an interesting phenomenon in its encoder-decoder multi-head attention: different attention heads of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Zewei Sun , Shujian Huang , Hao-Ran Wei , Xin-yu Dai , Jiajun Chen

Transformers have become the go-to architecture for language and vision tasks, yet their theoretical properties, especially memorization capacity, remain elusive. This paper investigates the memorization abilities of multi-head attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Sadegh Mahdavi , Renjie Liao , Christos Thrampoulidis

The Transformer and its variants have been proven to be efficient sequence learners in many different domains. Despite their staggering success, a critical issue has been the enormous number of parameters that must be trained (ranging from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Subhabrata Dutta , Tanya Gautam , Soumen Chakrabarti , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Time series forecasting requires capturing patterns across multiple temporal scales while maintaining computational efficiency. This paper introduces AWGformer, a novel architecture that integrates adaptive wavelet decomposition with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Wei Li

Multi-head attention has each of the attention heads collect salient information from different parts of an input sequence, making it a powerful mechanism for sequence modeling. Multilingual and multi-domain learning are common scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Hongyu Gong , Yun Tang , Juan Pino , Xian Li

Transformers have recently gained attention in the computer vision domain due to their ability to model long-range dependencies. However, the self-attention mechanism, which is the core part of the Transformer model, usually suffers from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Reza Azad , René Arimond , Ehsan Khodapanah Aghdam , Amirhossein Kazerouni , Dorit Merhof

Motion forecasting for autonomous driving is a challenging task because complex driving scenarios result in a heterogeneous mix of static and dynamic inputs. It is an open problem how best to represent and fuse information about road…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Nigamaa Nayakanti , Rami Al-Rfou , Aurick Zhou , Kratarth Goel , Khaled S. Refaat , Benjamin Sapp

Transformers have emerged as a powerful neural network architecture capable of tackling a wide range of learning tasks. In this work, we provide a theoretical analysis of their ability to automatically extract structure from data in an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-29 Rodrigo Maulen-Soto , Pierre Marion , Claire Boyer

Multi-head attention is a driving force behind state-of-the-art transformers, which achieve remarkable performance across a variety of natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision tasks. It has been observed that for many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Tam Nguyen , Tan M. Nguyen , Dung D. Le , Duy Khuong Nguyen , Viet-Anh Tran , Richard G. Baraniuk , Nhat Ho , Stanley J. Osher

Transformers have achieved promising results on a variety of tasks. However, the quadratic complexity in self-attention computation has limited the applications, especially in low-resource settings and mobile or edge devices. Existing works…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Wentao Zhu

Transformers models have become the backbone of the current state-of-the-art models in language, vision, and multimodal domains. These models, at their core, utilize multi-head self-attention to selectively aggregate context, generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Subodh Kamble , Kunal Sunil Kasodekar

Models based on the Transformer architecture have achieved better accuracy than the ones based on competing architectures for a large set of tasks. A unique feature of the Transformer is its universal application of a self-attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Nan Ding , Xinjie Fan , Zhenzhong Lan , Dale Schuurmans , Radu Soricut

This paper presents CLUSTERFORMER, a universal vision model that is based on the CLUSTERing paradigm with TransFORMER. It comprises two novel designs: 1. recurrent cross-attention clustering, which reformulates the cross-attention mechanism…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-09 James C. Liang , Yiming Cui , Qifan Wang , Tong Geng , Wenguan Wang , Dongfang Liu