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The fate of scientific hypotheses often relies on the ability of a computational model to explain the data, quantified in modern statistical approaches by the likelihood function. The log-likelihood is the key element for parameter…

Empirical best prediction (EBP) is a well-known method for producing reliable proportion estimates when the primary data source provides only small or no sample from finite populations. There are potential challenges in implementing…

Recent research has shown that the performance of search personalization depends on the richness of user profiles which normally represent the user's topical interests. In this paper, we propose a new embedding approach to learning user…

This paper explores Bayesian inference for a biased sampling model in situations where the population of interest cannot be sampled directly, but rather through an indirect and inherently biased method. Observations are viewed as being the…

Many existing works have made great strides towards reducing racial bias in face recognition. However, most of these methods attempt to rectify bias that manifests in models during training instead of directly addressing a major source of…

The key distinguishing property of a Bayesian approach is marginalization, rather than using a single setting of weights. Bayesian marginalization can particularly improve the accuracy and calibration of modern deep neural networks, which…

Because biological processes can make different loci have different evolutionary histories, species tree estimation requires multiple loci from across the genome. While many processes can result in discord between gene trees and species…

We study the presence of heteronormative biases and prejudice against interracial romantic relationships in large language models by performing controlled name-replacement experiments for the task of relationship prediction. We show that…

Next Generation Sequencing can sample the whole genome (WGS) or the 1-2% of the genome that codes for proteins called the whole exome (WES). Machine learning approaches to variant calling achieve high accuracy in WGS data, but the reduced…

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can significantly enhance breast cancer risk prediction when combined with clinical risk factor data. While many studies have explored the value-add of PRSs, little is known about the potential impact of…

Objective: The use of deep learning for electroencephalography (EEG) classification tasks has been rapidly growing in the last years, yet its application has been limited by the relatively small size of EEG datasets. Data augmentation,…

Modern ASR systems are typically trained on large-scale pseudo-labeled, in-the-wild data spanning multiple domains. While such heterogeneous data benefit generalist models designed for broad deployment, they pose challenges for specialist…

Face clustering can provide pseudo-labels to the massive unlabeled face data and improve the performance of different face recognition models. The existing clustering methods generally aggregate the features within subgraphs that are often…

Reliable retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems depend fundamentally on the retriever's ability to find relevant information. We show that neural retrievers used in RAG systems have blind spots, which we define as the failure to…

We employ the Bayesian improved cross entropy (BiCE) method for rare event estimation in static networks and choose the categorical mixture as the parametric family to capture the dependence among network components. At each iteration of…

Predicting gender by the first name is not a simple task. In many applications, especially in the natural language processing (NLP) field, this task may be necessary, mainly when considering foreign names. In this paper, we examined and…

The characterization of drug-protein interactions is crucial in the high-throughput screening for drug discovery. The deep learning-based approaches have attracted attention because they can predict drug-protein interactions without…

Word embeddings capture semantic relationships based on contextual information and are the basis for a wide variety of natural language processing applications. Notably these relationships are solely learned from the data and subsequently…

Empirical Bayes (EB) improves the accuracy of simultaneous inference "by learning from the experience of others" (Efron, 2012). Classical EB theory focuses on latent variables that are iid draws from a fitted prior (Efron, 2019). Modern…

Selection bias is a serious potential problem for inference about relationships of scientific interest based on samples without well-defined probability sampling mechanisms. Motivated by the potential for selection bias in (a) estimated…