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We propose an extension to the OWASP Multi-Agentic System (MAS) Threat Modeling Guide, translating recent anticipatory research in multi-agent security (MASEC) into practical guidance for addressing challenges unique to large language model…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Klaudia Krawiecka , Christian Schroeder de Witt

Large Language Model (LLM) agents can leverage tools such as Google Search to complete complex tasks. However, this tool usage introduces the risk of indirect prompt injections, where malicious instructions hidden in tool outputs can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Zizhao Wang , Dingcheng Li , Vaishakh Keshava , Phillip Wallis , Ananth Balashankar , Peter Stone , Lukas Rutishauser

Large language models (LLMs) excel at rapid generation of text and multimodal content, yet they falter on transaction-style planning that demands ACID-like guarantees and real-time disruption recovery. We present Adaptive LLM Agent System…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Edward Y. Chang , Longling Geng

The emergence of agent-to-agent communication protocols mirrors the early internet: powerful connectivity with minimal security infrastructure. When AI agents communicate on behalf of users, every message crosses a trust boundary where the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sahar Abdelnabi , Amr Gomaa , Eugene Bagdasarian , Per Ola Kristensson , Reza Shokri

The performance of large language model (LLM) agents depends critically on the execution harness, the system layer that orchestrates tool use, context management, and state persistence. Yet this same architectural centrality makes the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xixun Lin , Yang Liu , Yancheng Chen , Yongxuan Wu , Yucheng Ning , Yilong Liu , Nan Sun , Shun Zhang , Bin Chong , Chuan Zhou , Yanan Cao

LLM-based multi-agent systems (MASs) are transforming personal productivity by autonomously executing complex, cross-platform tasks. Frameworks such as OpenClaw demonstrate the potential of locally deployed agents integrated with personal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Haoyu Wang , Zibo Xiao , Yedi Zhang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun

The digital world is witnessing the rapid rise of LLM-based multi-agent systems (MASs) and their powerful applications. However, their security remains insufficiently understood, as existing evaluations are largely limited to narrow attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ruichao Liang , Le Yin , Jing Chen , Yebo Feng , Cong Wu , Xiaoyu Zhang , Huangpeng Gu , Zijian Zhang , Yang Liu

Enterprise penetration-testing is often limited by high operational costs and the scarcity of human expertise. This paper investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of using Large Language Model (LLM)-driven autonomous systems to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Andreas Happe , Jürgen Cito

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in assisting cybersecurity tasks, yet existing approaches struggle with automatic vulnerability discovery and exploitation due to limited interaction, weak execution grounding, and a lack of…

The widespread integration of wearable sensing devices in Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems, particularly in healthcare, smart homes, and industrial applications, has required robust human activity recognition (HAR) techniques to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 W. K. M Mithsara , Ning Yang , Ahmed Imteaj , Hussein Zangoti , Abdur R. Shahid

A multi-agent system (MAS) powered by large language models (LLMs) can automate tedious user tasks such as meeting scheduling that requires inter-agent collaboration. LLMs enable nuanced protocols that account for unstructured private data,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Mason Nakamura , Abhinav Kumar , Saaduddin Mahmud , Sahar Abdelnabi , Shlomo Zilberstein , Eugene Bagdasarian

As autonomous agents (e.g., OpenClaw) increasingly operate with deep system-level privileges to execute complex tasks, they introduce severe, unmitigated security risks. Current vulnerability analyses overwhelmingly focus on single-turn,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jianan Ma , Xiaohu Du , Ruixiao Lin , Yaoxiang Bian , Jialuo Chen , Jingyi Wang , Xiaofang Yang , Shiwen Cui , Changhua Meng , Xinhao Deng , Zhen Wang

Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-MAS) have revolutionized complex problem-solving capability by enabling sophisticated agent collaboration through message-based communications. While the communication framework is crucial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Pengfei He , Yupin Lin , Shen Dong , Han Xu , Yue Xing , Hui Liu

The security of LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS) is critically threatened by propagation vulnerability, where malicious agents can distort collective decision-making through inter-agent message interactions. While existing supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Rui Miao , Yixin Liu , Yili Wang , Xu Shen , Yue Tan , Yiwei Dai , Shirui Pan , Xin Wang

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), which excel at collaborative decision-making and complex problem-solving. However, malicious agents in MAS may inject misinformation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yaoyang Luo , Zhi Zheng , Ziwei Zhao , Tong Xu , Zhao Jielun , Wenjun Xue , Yong Chen , Enhong Chen

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are prolonged, stealthy intrusions by skilled adversaries that compromise high-value systems to steal data or disrupt operations. Reconstructing complete attack chains from massive, heterogeneous logs is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rujie Dai , Peizhuo Lv , Yujiang Gui , Qiujian Lv , Yuanyuan Qiao , Yan Wang , Degang Sun , Weiqing Huang , Yingjiu Li , XiaoFeng Wang

Designing autonomous driving systems requires efficient exploration of large hardware/software configuration spaces under diverse environmental conditions, e.g., with varying traffic, weather, and road layouts. Traditional design space…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Po-An Shih , Shao-Hua Wang , Yung-Che Li , Chia-Heng Tu , Chih-Han Chang

Despite extensive safety alignment, Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. However, existing methods generally lack the capability for continuous learning and self-evolution from interactions, limiting the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xu Liu , Yan Chen , Kan Ling , Yichi Zhu , Hengrun Zhang , Guisheng Fan , Huiqun Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in enterprise settings where they interact with multiple users and are trained or fine-tuned on sensitive internal data. While fine-tuning enhances performance by internalizing domain…

LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS) demonstrate increasing integration into next-generation applications, but their safety in backdoor attacks remains largely underexplored. However, existing research has focused exclusively on single-agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Pengyu Zhu , Lijun Li , Yaxing Lyu , Li Sun , Sen Su , Jing Shao