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Related papers: CLARITY: A Framework and Benchmark for Conversatio…

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NL2SQL (Natural Language to Structured Query Language) transformation has seen wide adoption in Business Intelligence (BI) applications in recent years. However, existing NL2SQL benchmarks are not suitable for production BI scenarios, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Bora Caglayan , Mingxue Wang , John D. Kelleher , Shen Fei , Gui Tong , Jiandong Ding , Puchao Zhang

Ambiguity remains a fundamental challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to the inherent complexity and flexibility of human language. With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing ambiguity has become even more…

Research in Text-to-SQL conversion has been largely benchmarked against datasets where each text query corresponds to one correct SQL. However, natural language queries over real-life databases frequently involve significant ambiguity about…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Adithya Bhaskar , Tushar Tomar , Ashutosh Sathe , Sunita Sarawagi

Natural language to SQL (NL2SQL) conversion is an important problem for researchers and enterprises due to the ubiquitous importance of relational databases in broad-ranging practical problems. Despite the rapid advancements in the…

In visual question answering (VQA) context, users often pose ambiguous questions to visual language models (VLMs) due to varying expression habits. Existing research addresses such ambiguities primarily by rephrasing questions. These…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Pu Jian , Donglei Yu , Wen Yang , Shuo Ren , Jiajun Zhang

Robustness evaluation for Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) systems is essential because real-world database environments are dynamic, noisy, and continuously evolving, whereas conventional benchmark evaluations typically assume static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Lifu Tu , Rongguang Wang , Tao Sheng , Sujjith Ravi , Dan Roth

Despite recent progress on conversational systems, they still do not perform smoothly and coherently when faced with ambiguous requests. When questions are unclear, conversational systems should have the ability to ask clarifying questions,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Negar Arabzadeh , Mahsa Seifikar , Charles L. A. Clarke

Large language models (LLMs) have delivered significant breakthroughs across diverse domains but can still produce unreliable or misleading outputs, posing critical challenges for real-world applications. While many recent studies focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Yang Nan , Pengfei He , Ravi Tandon , Han Xu

A rigorous formalization of desired system requirements is indispensable when performing any verification task. This often limits the application of verification techniques, as writing formal specifications is an error-prone and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Matthias Cosler , Christopher Hahn , Daniel Mendoza , Frederik Schmitt , Caroline Trippel

Language models have recently achieved strong performance across a wide range of NLP benchmarks. However, unlike benchmarks, real world tasks are often poorly specified, and agents must deduce the user's intended behavior from a combination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Alex Tamkin , Kunal Handa , Avash Shrestha , Noah Goodman

Integrating datasets from different disciplines is hard because the data are often qualitatively different in meaning, scale, and reliability. When two datasets describe the same entities, many scientific questions can be phrased around…

Application systems using natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDBs) have democratized data analysis. This positive development has also brought forth an urgent challenge to help users who might use these systems without a background…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Shubham Mohole , Sainyam Galhotra

Users often ask dialogue systems ambiguous questions that require clarification. We show that current language models rarely ask users to clarify ambiguous questions and instead provide incorrect answers. To address this, we introduce CLAM:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Lorenz Kuhn , Yarin Gal , Sebastian Farquhar

In this work, we study a critical research problem regarding the trustworthiness of large language models (LLMs): how LLMs behave when encountering ambiguous narrative text, with a particular focus on Chinese textual ambiguity. We created a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Xinwei Wu , Haojie Li , Hongyu Liu , Xinyu Ji , Ruohan Li , Yule Chen , Yigeng Zhang

Natural Language to SQL (i.e., NL2SQL) translation is crucial for democratizing database access, but even state-of-the-art models frequently generate semantically incorrect SQL queries, hindering the widespread adoption of these techniques…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xinyu Liu , Shuyu Shen , Boyan Li , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) provides a new model-centric paradigm that simplifies database access for non-technical users by converting natural language queries into SQL commands. Recent advancements, particularly those integrating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jian Chen , Zhenyan Chen , Xuming Hu , Peilin Zhou , Yining Hua , Han Fang , Cissy Hing Yee Choy , Xinmei Ke , Jingfeng Luo , Zixuan Yuan

NL2SQL (natural language to SQL) translates natural language questions into SQL queries, thereby making structured data accessible to non-technical users, serving as the foundation for intelligent data applications. State-of-the-art NL2SQL…

Benchmarking modern large language models (LLMs) on complex and realistic tasks is critical to advancing their development. In this work, we evaluate the factual accuracy and citation performance of state-of-the-art LLMs on the task of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Maya Patel , Aditi Anand

Large Language Models (LLMs) are intended to reflect human linguistic competencies. But humans have access to a broad and embodied context, which is key in detecting and resolving linguistic ambiguities, even in isolated text spans. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Amber Shore , Russell Scheinberg , Ameeta Agrawal , So Young Lee

User queries are often underspecified and may admit multiple valid interpretations. Rather than silently making assumptions about the user's intent, a helpful assistant should surface such ambiguity by asking a clarifying question. Doing so…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinyan Su , Claire Cardie