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Vision-Language Action (VLA) models have shown remarkable progress in robotic manipulation by leveraging the powerful perception abilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to understand environments and directly output actions. However, by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Chenyang Li , Jieyuan Liu , Bin Li , Bo Gao , Yilin Yuan , Yangfan He , Yuchen Li , Jingqun Tang

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) hold immense promise for enabling generalist robot manipulation. However, the best way to build them remains an open question. Current approaches often add complexity, such as modifying the existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Ankit Goyal , Hugo Hadfield , Xuning Yang , Valts Blukis , Fabio Ramos

Embodied long-horizon manipulation requires robotic systems to process multimodal inputs-such as vision and natural language-and translate them into executable actions. However, existing learning-based approaches often depend on large,…

Despite recent advancements in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) on diverse understanding tasks, these models struggle to solve problems which require extensive multi-step reasoning. This is primarily due to the progressive dilution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Byungwoo Jeon , Yoonwoo Jeong , Hyunseok Lee , Minsu Cho , Jinwoo Shin

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have made substantial progress by leveraging the robust capabilities of Visual Language Models (VLMs). However, VLMs' significant parameter size and autoregressive (AR) decoding nature impose considerable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Songsheng Wang , Rucheng Yu , Zhihang Yuan , Chao Yu , Feng Gao , Yu Wang , Derek F. Wong

Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) has advanced the performance of many vision-language tasks, such as image-text retrieval, visual entailment, and visual reasoning. The pre-training mostly utilizes lexical databases and image queries in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Yasmine Karoui , Rémi Lebret , Negar Foroutan , Karl Aberer

Evaluating and Rethinking the current landscape of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), we observe that widely-used visual-language projection approaches (e.g., Q-former or MLP) focus on the alignment of image-text descriptions yet ignore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Yunxin Li , Xinyu Chen , Baotian Hu , Haoyuan Shi , Min Zhang

Recent advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have opened new avenues for robot manipulation, yet existing methods exhibit limited efficiency and a lack of high-level knowledge and spatial awareness. To address these challenges, we…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models extend vision-language models to embodied control by mapping natural-language instructions and visual observations to robot actions. Despite their capabilities, VLA systems face significant challenges due…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Weifan Guan , Qinghao Hu , Aosheng Li , Jian Cheng

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown strong potential for generalist robot manipulation, yet they remain limited by insufficient spatial reasoning, particularly in determining where to interact in complex visual scenes. While…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Runze Wang , Yuqian Fu , Yu Li , Tao Lin , Tianwen Qian , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Bo Zhao , Yanwei Fu , Yu-Gang Jiang , Xiangyang Xue

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have gained much attention from the research community thanks to their strength in translating multimodal observations with linguistic instructions into robotic actions. Despite their recent advancements,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tuan Van Vo , Tan Quang Nguyen , Khang Minh Nguyen , Duy Ho Minh Nguyen , Minh Nhat Vu

Latent actions serve as an intermediate representation that enables consistent modeling of vision-language-action (VLA) models across heterogeneous datasets. However, approaches to supervising VLAs with latent actions are fragmented and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yihan Lin , Haoyang Li , Yang Li , Haitao Shen , Yihan Zhao , Chao Shao , Jing Zhang

Integrating visual-language instructions into visuomotor policies is gaining momentum in robot learning for enhancing open-world generalization. Despite promising advances, existing approaches face two challenges: limited language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Wenhui Huang , Changhe Chen , Han Qi , Chen Lv , Yilun Du , Heng Yang

Vision-language pre-training (VLP) has recently proven highly effective for various uni- and multi-modal downstream applications. However, most existing end-to-end VLP methods use high-resolution image-text box data to perform well on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Shraman Pramanick , Li Jing , Sayan Nag , Jiachen Zhu , Hardik Shah , Yann LeCun , Rama Chellappa

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising approach for enabling robots to follow language instructions and predict corresponding actions. However, current VLA models mainly rely on 2D visual inputs, neglecting the rich…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Lin Sun , Bin Xie , Yingfei Liu , Hao Shi , Tiancai Wang , Jiale Cao

Advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential in facilitating high-level reasoning, logical reasoning and robotics planning. Recently, LLMs have also been able to generate reward functions for low-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Marta Skreta , Zihan Zhou , Jia Lin Yuan , Kourosh Darvish , Alán Aspuru-Guzik , Animesh Garg

Traditional Task and Motion Planning (TAMP) systems depend on physics models for motion planning and discrete symbolic models for task planning. Although physics model are often available, symbolic models (consisting of symbolic state…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sami Azirar , Zlatan Ajanovic , Hermann Blum

Spatial perception and reasoning are crucial for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models to accomplish fine-grained manipulation tasks. However, existing approaches often lack the ability to understand and reason over the essential 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yixuan Li , Yuhui Chen , Mingcai Zhou , Haoran Li , Zhengtao Zhang , Dongbin Zhao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models demonstrate remarkable potential for generalizable robotic manipulation. The performance of VLA models can be improved by integrating with action chunking, a critical technique for effective control.…

We introduce OG-VLA, a novel architecture and learning framework that combines the generalization strengths of Vision Language Action models (VLAs) with the robustness of 3D-aware policies. We address the challenge of mapping natural…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ishika Singh , Ankit Goyal , Stan Birchfield , Dieter Fox , Animesh Garg , Valts Blukis