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Related papers: On Benchmark Hacking in ML Contests: Modeling, Ins…

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As long-horizon coding agents produce more code than any developer can review, oversight collapses onto a single surface: the automated test suite. Reward hacking naturally arises in this setup, as the agent optimizes for passing tests…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Bingchen Zhao , Dhruv Srikanth , Yuxiang Wu , Zhengyao Jiang

Current benchmarks for coding evaluate language models (LMs) on concrete, well-specified tasks such as fixing specific bugs or writing targeted tests. However, human programmers do not spend all day incessantly addressing isolated tasks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 John Yang , Kilian Lieret , Joyce Yang , Carlos E. Jimenez , Muhtasham Oblokulov , Aryan Siddiqui , Ofir Press , Ludwig Schmidt , Diyi Yang

There is a growing need to gain insight into language model capabilities that relate to sensitive topics, such as bioterrorism or cyberwarfare. However, traditional open source benchmarks are not fit for the task, due to the associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Paul Bricman

Previous work on the competitive retrieval setting focused on a single-query setting: document authors manipulate their documents so as to improve their future ranking for a given query. We study a competitive setting where authors opt to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Haya Nachimovsky , Moshe Tennenholtz , Fiana Raiber , Oren Kurland

Aligning autonomous agents with human intent remains a central challenge in modern AI. A key manifestation of this challenge is reward hacking, whereby agents appear successful under the evaluation signal while violating the intended…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Amit Roth , Ankur Samanta , Matan Halevy , Yoav Levine , Yonathan Efroni

Machine learning has grown in popularity to help assign resources and make decisions about users, which can result in discrimination. This includes hiring markets, where employers have increasingly been interested in using automated tools…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Serafina Kamp , Benjamin Fish

We introduce a machine-learning (ML) framework for high-throughput benchmarking of diverse representations of chemical systems against datasets of materials and molecules. The guiding principle underlying the benchmarking approach is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Carl Poelking , Felix A. Faber , Bingqing Cheng

Large Language Model (LLM) leaderboards based on benchmark rankings are regularly used to guide practitioners in model selection. Often, the published leaderboard rankings are taken at face value - we show this is a (potentially costly)…

In recent years fairness in machine learning (ML) has emerged as a highly active area of research and development. Most define fairness in simple terms, where fairness means reducing gaps in performance or outcomes between demographic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Brent Mittelstadt , Sandra Wachter , Chris Russell

Benchmarking has long served as a foundational practice in machine learning and, increasingly, in modern AI systems such as large language models, where shared tasks, metrics, and leaderboards offer a common basis for measuring progress and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Philip Waggoner

Large language models~(LLMs) have greatly advanced the frontiers of artificial intelligence, attaining remarkable improvement in model capacity. To assess the model performance, a typical approach is to construct evaluation benchmarks for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Kun Zhou , Yutao Zhu , Zhipeng Chen , Wentong Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Xu Chen , Yankai Lin , Ji-Rong Wen , Jiawei Han

We study how to incentivize agents in a target group to produce a higher output in the context of incomplete information, by means of rank-order allocation contests. We describe a symmetric Bayes--Nash equilibrium for contests that have two…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Edith Elkind , Abheek Ghosh , Paul Goldberg

A common paradigm to improve the performance of large language models is optimizing for a reward model. Reward models assign a numerical score to an LLM's output that indicates, for example, how likely it is to align with user preferences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Hadi Khalaf , Claudio Mayrink Verdun , Alex Oesterling , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Flavio du Pin Calmon

Benchmarking plays an important role in the development of novel search algorithms as well as for the assessment and comparison of contemporary algorithmic ideas. This paper presents common principles that need to be taken into account when…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Michael Hellwig , Hans-Georg Beyer

Algorithm selection, aiming to identify the best algorithm for a given problem, plays a pivotal role in continuous black-box optimization. A common approach involves representing optimization functions using a set of features, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Gašper Petelin , Gjorgjina Cenikj

Do language model benchmarks actually measure what practitioners intend them to ? High-level metadata is too coarse to convey the granular reality of benchmarks: a "poetry" benchmark may never test for haikus, while "instruction-following"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Harshita Diddee , Gregory Yauney , Swabha Swayamdipta , Daphne Ippolito

It has become a common pattern in our field: One group introduces a language task, exemplified by a dataset, which they argue is challenging enough to serve as a benchmark. They also provide a baseline model for it, which then soon is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-10 David Schlangen

This survey compiles ideas and recommendations from more than a dozen researchers with different backgrounds and from different institutes around the world. Promoting best practice in benchmarking is its main goal. The article discusses…

Benchmarks are the de facto standard for tracking progress in large language models (LLMs), yet static test sets can rapidly saturate, become vulnerable to contamination, and are costly to refresh. Scalable evaluation of open-ended items…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yandan Zheng , Haoran Luo , Zhenghong Lin , Wenjin Liu , Luu Anh Tuan

Machine learning is often used in competitive scenarios: Participants learn and fit static models, and those models compete in a shared platform. The common assumption is that in order to win a competition one has to have the best…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Amin Khajehnejad , Shima Hajimirza