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Designing large-scale control systems to satisfy complex specifications is hard in practice, as most formal methods are limited to systems of modest size. Contract theory has been proposed as a modular alternative to formal methods in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-03 Miel Sharf , Bart Besselink , Karl Henrik Johansson

Ethereum smart contracts operate in a concurrent environment where multiple transactions can be submitted simultaneously. However, the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) enforces sequential execution of transactions within each block to prevent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Atefeh Zareh Chahoki , Marco Roveri

Smart contracts are computer programs that run on blockchain platforms, with Solidity being the most widely used language for their development. As blockchain technology advances, smart contracts have become increasingly important across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Lantian Li , Zhihao Liu , Zhongxing Yu

Hybrid programs combine digital control with differential equations, and naturally appear in a wide range of application domains, from biology and control theory to real-time software engineering. The entanglement of discrete and continuous…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Sergey Goncharov , Renato Neves , José Proença

The industrial market continuously needs reliable solutions to secure autonomous systems. Especially as these systems become more complex and interconnected, reliable security solutions are becoming increasingly important. One promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Önder Gürcan

The General Purpose Atomic Crosschain Transaction protocol allows composable programming across multiple Ethereum blockchains. It allows for inter-contract and inter-blockchain function calls that are both synchronous and atomic: if one…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Peter Robinson , Raghavendra Ramesh

Smart contracts are crucial elements of decentralized technologies, but they face significant obstacles to trustworthiness due to security bugs and trapdoors. To address the core issue, we propose a technology that enables programmers to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Nikolaj Bjørner , Shuo Chen , Yang Chen , Zhongxin Guo , Peng Liu , Nanqing Luo

The advent of blockchain technology has facilitated the widespread adoption of smart contracts in the financial sector. However, current fraud detection methodologies exhibit limitations in capturing both global structural patterns within…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Zhang Sheng , Liangliang Song , Yanbin Wang

In recent publications, we presented a novel formal symbolic process virtual machine (FSPVM) framework that combined higher-order theorem proving and symbolic execution for verifying the reliability and security of smart contracts developed…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Zheng Yang , Hang Lei

As blockchain technology continues to evolve and mature, smart contracts have become a key driving force behind the digitization and automation of transactions. Smart contracts greatly simplify and refine the traditional business…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Lantian Li , Yejian Liang , Zhongxing Yu

Compositionality is one of the fundamental abilities of the human reasoning process, that allows to decompose a complex problem into simpler elements. Such property is crucial also for neural networks, especially when aiming for a more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Luigi Quarantiello , Andrea Cossu , Vincenzo Lomonaco

A smart contract is an interactive program that governs funds in the realm of a single cryptocurrency. Yet, the many existing cryptocurrencies have spurred the design of cross-chain applications that require interactions with multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Federico Badaloni , Sebastian Holler , Chrysoula Oikonomou , Pedro Moreno-Sanchez , Clara Schneidewind

Runtime verification (RV) consists in dynamically verifying that the event traces generated by single runs of a system under scrutiny (SUS) are compliant with the formal specification of its expected properties. RML (Runtime Monitoring…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Davide Ancona , Angelo Ferrando , Viviana Mascardi

Processing large amounts of data fast, in constant and small space is the point of stream processing and the reason for its increasing use. Alas, the most performant, imperative processing code tends to be almost impossible to read, let…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Oleg Kiselyov , Tomoaki Kobayashi , Nick Palladinos

The irreversible nature of blockchain transactions makes the identification of smart contract vulnerabilities an essential requirement for secure system development. While Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Stefan-Claudiu Susan , Andrei Arusoaie , Dorel Lucanu

Multiple successful compositional symbolic execution (CSE) tools and platforms exploit separation logic (SL) for compositional verification and/or incorrectness separation logic (ISL) for compositional bug-finding, including VeriFast,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Andreas Lööw , Seung Hoon Park , Daniele Nantes-Sobrinho , Sacha-Élie Ayoun , Opale Sjöstedt , Philippa Gardner

Scalable quantum computing is fundamentally bottlenecked not by qubit count or fabrication yield, but by a rigid temporal mismatch: macroscopic classical coordination latency ($\tau_c$) inevitably grows with system diameter, while…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Bo Fan , Renzhou Fang , Yuntao Zhang , Xiaolong Yuan , Dafa Zhao

String diagrams are an increasingly popular algebraic language for the analysis of graphical models of computations across different research fields. Whereas string diagrams have been thoroughly studied as semantic structures, much less…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Paul Wilson , Fabio Zanasi

Static type systems are usually not sufficient to express all requirements on function calls. Hence, contracts with pre- and postconditions can be used to express more complex constraints on operations. Contracts can be checked at run time…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Michael Hanus

In this paper, we propose a compositional approach to construct opacity-preserving finite abstractions (a.k.a symbolic models) for networks of discrete-time nonlinear control systems. Particularly, we introduce new notions of simulation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-29 Siyuan Liu , Majid Zamani