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Current quantum computers suffer from noise due to lack of error correction. Several techniques to mitigate the effect of noise have been studied, in particular to extract the expectation value of observables. One such technique, circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Debarthi Pal , Ritajit Majumdar

Quantum annealing (QA) is a quantum computing algorithm that works on the principle of Adiabatic Quantum Computation (AQC), and it has shown significant computational advantages in solving combinatorial optimization problems such as vehicle…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-28 Ramkumar Harikrishnakumar , Saideep Nannapaneni , Nam H. Nguyen , James E. Steck , Elizabeth C. Behrman

Precise quantum expectation values are crucial for quantum algorithm development, but noise in real-world systems can degrade these estimations. While quantum error correction is resource-intensive, error mitigation strategies offer a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 Touheed Anwar Atif , Reuben Blake Tate , Stephan Eidenbenz

Quantum computing offers unparalleled computational capabilities but faces significant challenges, including limited qubit counts, diverse hardware topologies, and dynamic noise/error rates, which hinder scalability and reliability.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Zefan Du , Yanni Li , Zijian Mo , Wenqi Wei , Juntao Chen , Rajkumar Buyya , Ying Mao

Partitioning transportation networks into balanced and spatially coherent traffic zones is a fundamental yet computationally challenging task in intelligent transportation systems. The resulting optimization problem exhibits dense…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Ruimin Ke , Talha Azfar , Kaicong Huang , Shuyang Li

Variational Quantum Computing (VQC) faces fundamental scalability barriers, primarily due to barren plateaus and sensitivity to quantum noise. To address these challenges, we introduce TensorHyper-VQC, a novel tensor-train (TT)-guided…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Jun Qi , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Pin-Yu Chen , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Quantum computing offers new heuristics for combinatorial problems. With small- and intermediate-scale quantum devices becoming available, it is possible to implement and test these heuristics on small-size problems. A candidate for such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 David Fitzek , Toheed Ghandriz , Leo Laine , Mats Granath , Anton Frisk Kockum

The vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) is a common optimization problem faced within the logistics industry. In this work, we explore the use of a previously-introduced qubit encoding scheme to reduce the number of binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Ioannis D. Leonidas , Alexander Dukakis , Benjamin Tan , Dimitris G. Angelakis

Qubit mapping/routing is a critical stage in compilation for both near-term and fault-tolerant quantum computers, yet existing scalable methods typically impose several times the routing overhead in terms of circuit depth or duration. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Zhaohui Yang , Kai Zhang , Xinyang Tian , Xiangyu Ren , Yingjian Liu , Yunfeng Li , Dawei Ding , Jianxin Chen , Yuan Xie

Near-term quantum computers will operate in a noisy environment, without error correction. A critical problem for near-term quantum computing is laying out a logical circuit onto a physical device with limited connectivity between qubits.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Abtin Molavi , Amanda Xu , Martin Diges , Lauren Pick , Swamit Tannu , Aws Albarghouthi

Combinatorial optimization problems are one of the areas where near-term noisy quantum computers may have practical advantage against classical computers. Recently a novel feedback-based quantum optimization algorithm has been proposed by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Don Arai , Ken N. Okada , Yuichiro Nakano , Kosuke Mitarai , Keisuke Fujii

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) provide a promising framework for tackling complex optimization problems on near-term quantum hardware. Here, we demonstrate that hybrid qubit--qumode quantum devices offer an efficient route to solving…

KV cache quantization reduces the memory cost of long-context LLM inference, but introduces approximation error that is typically validated only empirically. Existing systems rely on average-case robustness, with no mechanism to detect or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Dean Calver

Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) can model many real-world scenarios and often involve complex constraints. While recent neural methods excel in constructing solutions based on feasibility masking, they struggle with handling complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jieyi Bi , Yining Ma , Jianan Zhou , Wen Song , Zhiguang Cao , Yaoxin Wu , Jie Zhang

Variational hybrid quantum-classical optimization represents one of the most promising avenue to show the advantage of nowadays noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers in solving hard problems, such as finding the minimum-energy state of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Laura Gentini , Alessandro Cuccoli , Stefano Pirandola , Paola Verrucchi , Leonardo Banchi

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a fundamental NP-hard problem with broad applications in logistics and transportation. Real-world CVRPs often involve diverse objectives and complex constraints, such as time windows or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Wen Wang , Xiangchen Wu , Liang Wang , Hao Hu , Xianping Tao

In this paper, we present improved approximation algorithms for the (unsplittable) Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) in general metrics. In CVRP, introduced by Dantzig and Ramser (1959), we are given a set of points (clients) $V$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Zachary Friggstad , Ramin Mousavi , Mirmahdi Rahgoshay , Mohammad R. Salavatipour

Quantum optimal control plays a vital role in many quantum technologies, including quantum computation. One of the most important control parameters to optimise for is the evolution time (pulse duration). However, most existing works focus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Minjun Jeon , Zhenyu Cai

Quantum Variational Circuits (QVCs) are often claimed as one of the most potent uses of both near term and long term quantum hardware. The standard approaches to optimizing these circuits rely on a classical system to compute the new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-11 Owen Lockwood

Transportation systems such as urban logistics, vehicle routing, and infrastructure planning require solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems under complex constraints. Problems such as the vehicle routing problem (VRP),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Talha Azfar , Ruimin Ke , Sean He , Cara Wang , José Holguín-Veras