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The Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE) is the workhorse method to study excitons in materials. The BSE Hamiltonian size, which depends on how many valence-to-conduction band transitions are considered, needs to be chosen to be sufficiently large…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-10-20 Rafael R. Del Grande , David A. Strubbe

In order to solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) in the Minkowski space, we first introduce the Nakanishi integral representations of the Bethe-Salpeter amplitude (BSA) and the Bethe-Salpeter wave function (BSWF). We then derive the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-02-22 Shaoyang Jia

We present an efficient way to solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE), a model for the computation of absorption spectra in molecules and solids that includes electron-hole excitations. Standard approaches to construct and diagonalize the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-02-01 Wei Hu , Meiyue Shao , Andrea Cepellotti , Felipe H. da Jornada , Lin Lin , Kyle Thicke , Chao Yang , Steven G. Louie

We study within the many-body Green's function GW and Bethe-Salpeter formalisms the excitation energies of a paradigmatic model dipeptide, focusing on the four lowest-lying local and charge-transfer excitations. Our GW calculations are…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-17 Carina Faber , Paul Boulanger , Ivan Duchemin , Claudio Attaccalite , Xavier Blase

In recent years, Green's function methods have garnered considerable interest due to their ability to target both charged and neutral excitations. Among them, the well-established $GW$ approximation provides accurate ionization potentials…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-08-31 Enzo Monino , Pierre-François Loos

The fully self-consistent $GW$ (sc$GW$) method with the iterative solution of Dyson equation provides a consistent approach for describing the ground and excited states without any dependence on the mean-field reference. In this work, we…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-01-23 Vibin Abraham , Gaurav Harsha , Dominika Zgid

The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first purpose is to find a fully Poincare invariant solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation for excited quarkonia, however, the second, in fact, major focus is on the relevance of the space-time…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-07-14 Vladimir Sauli

The homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation (hBSE), describing a bound system in a genuinely relativistic quantum-field theory framework, was solved for the first time by using a D-Wave quantum annealer. After applying standard techniques of…

The $GW$ approximation has recently gained increasing attention as a viable method for the computation of deep core-level binding energies as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We present a comprehensive benchmark study of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-06-14 Jiachen Li , Ye Jin , Patrick Rinke , Weitao Yang , Dorothea Golze

We describe an all-electron implementation of the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) for the calculation of optical absorption spectra in the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method. So far, FLAPW implementations have…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-27 Jörn Stöhler , Stefan Blügel , Christoph Friedrich

This paper describes an all-electron implementation of the self-consistent GW (sc-GW) approach -- i.e. based on the solution of the Dyson equation -- in an all-electron numeric atom-centered orbital (NAO) basis set. We cast Hedin's…

Materials Science · Physics 2013-08-12 Fabio Caruso , Patrick Rinke , Xinguo Ren , Angel Rubio , Matthias Scheffler

The correlation energy of the homogeneous electron gas is evaluated by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) beyond the Tamm-Dancoff approximation for the electronic polarisation propagator. The BSE is expected to improve upon the…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-06-15 Emanuele Maggio , Georg Kresse

A GW-BSE approximation scheme is assessed by applying it to a model of asymmetric two-dimensional (2D) interacting electron system. The model is assumed to have a parabolic band characterized by two independent effective mass parameters. A…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-05-26 Xiaoguang Wu

We develop an open-source python workflow package, $py$GWBSE to perform automated first-principles calculations within the GW-BSE (Bethe-Salpeter) framework. GW-BSE is a many body perturbation theory based approach to explore the…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-10-06 Tathagata Biswas , Arunima K. Singh

The accurate prediction of singlet and triplet excitation energies is of significant fundamental interest and is critical for many applications. An area of intense research, most calculations of singlet and triplet energies use…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-05-22 Tonatiuh Rangel , Samia M. Hamed , Fabien Bruneval , Jeffrey B. Neaton

We present a simple linear model to estimate the basis set incompleteness errors (BSIE) of (vertex-corrected) $GW$ QP energies based on the kinetic energy of the corresponding orbital only. We parametrise the model for $G_0W_0$,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Dario Baum , Lucas Visscher , Arno Förster

Many-body Green's functions theory within the GW approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE) is implemented in the open-source VOTCA-XTP software, aiming at the calculation of electronically excited states in complex molecular…

The Bethe-Salpeter equation is a widely used approach to describe optical excitations in bulk semiconductors. It leads to spectra that are in very good agreement with experiment, but the price to pay for such accuracy is a very high…

For the recent GW100 test set of molecular ionization energies, we present a comprehensive assessment of different GW methodologies: fully self-consistent GW (scGW), quasiparticle self-consistent GW (qsGW), partially self-consistent GW0…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2018-05-17 Fabio Caruso , Matthias Dauth , Michiel J. van Setten , Patrick Rinke

We derive a general form of eigenvalue self-consistency for $GW_{0}$ in the time domain and use it to obtain a simplified postprocessing eigenvalue self-consistency, which we label $\bar{\Delta}GW_{0}$. The method costs the same as a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2018-11-14 Vojtěch Vlček , Roi Baer , Eran Rabani , Daniel Neuhauser