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Recent studies on post-training large language models (LLMs) for reasoning through reinforcement learning (RL) typically focus on tasks that can be accurately verified and rewarded, such as solving math problems. In contrast, our research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ang Lv , Ruobing Xie , Xingwu Sun , Zhanhui Kang , Rui Yan

Inspired by the success of reinforcement learning (RL) in Large Language Model (LLM) training for domains like math and code, recent works have begun exploring how to train LLMs to use search engines more effectively as tools for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhichao Xu , Zongyu Wu , Yun Zhou , Aosong Feng , Kang Zhou , Sangmin Woo , Kiran Ramnath , Yijun Tian , Xuan Qi , Weikang Qiu , Lin Lee Cheong , Haibo Ding

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of LLMs. Existing research has predominantly concentrated on isolated reasoning domains such as mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Yu Li , Zhuoshi Pan , Honglin Lin , Mengyuan Sun , Conghui He , Lijun Wu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has catalyzed significant breakthroughs in complex LLM reasoning within verifiable domains, such as mathematics and programming. Recent efforts have sought to extend this paradigm to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zheng Zhang , Ao Lu , Yuanhao Zeng , Ziwei Shan , Jinjin Guo , Lufei Li , Yexin Li , Kan Ren

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) demonstrates promising potential in advancing the reasoning capabilities of LLMs. However, its success remains largely confined to mathematical and code domains. This primary limitation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Tianyu Yu , Bo Ji , Shouli Wang , Shu Yao , Zefan Wang , Ganqu Cui , Lifan Yuan , Ning Ding , Yuan Yao , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun , Tat-Seng Chua

Existing large language models (LLMs) face challenges of following complex instructions, especially when multiple constraints are present and organized in paralleling, chaining, and branching structures. One intuitive solution, namely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yulei Qin , Gang Li , Zongyi Li , Zihan Xu , Yuchen Shi , Zhekai Lin , Xiao Cui , Ke Li , Xing Sun

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has substantially improved the reasoning ability of LLMs, but often depends on external supervision from human annotations or gold-standard solutions. Reinforcement learning from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shourov Joarder , Diganta Sikdar , Ahsan Habib Akash , Binod Bhattarai , Prashnna Gyawali

Large language models have achieved significant reasoning improvements through reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). Yet as model capabilities grow, constructing high-quality reward signals becomes increasingly difficult,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Salman Rahman , Jingyan Shen , Anna Mordvina , Hamid Palangi , Saadia Gabriel , Pavel Izmailov

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated promising potential to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in domains such as mathematics and coding. However, its applications on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhonghang Yuan , Zhefan Wang , Fang Hu , Zihong Chen , Jinzhe Li , Gang Li , Jie Ying , Huanjun Kong , Songyang Zhang , Nanqing Dong

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is widely used to improve reasoning in multiple domains, yet outcome-only scalar rewards are often sparse and uninformative, especially on failed samples, where they merely indicate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Xuancheng Li , Haitao Li , Yujia Zhou , YiqunLiu , Qingyao Ai

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR)-based post-training of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been shown to improve accuracy on reasoning tasks and continues to attract significant attention. Existing RLVR methods, however,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Soumya Rani Samineni , Durgesh Kalwar , Vardaan Gangal , Siddhant Bhambri , Subbarao Kambhampati

Developing custom reasoning models via Reinforcement Learning (RL) that can incorporate organization-specific knowledge has great potential to address problems faced by enterprise customers. In many of these problems, the reward function is…

Large language models (LLMs) often solve challenging math exercises yet fail to apply the concept right when the problem requires genuine understanding. Popular Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) pipelines reinforce final…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zijun Gao , Zhikun Xu , Xiao Ye , Ben Zhou

As large language models (LLMs) are deployed in consequential settings such as medical question answering and legal reasoning, the ability to estimate when their outputs are likely to be correct is essential for safe and reliable use,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Fengfei Yu , Ruijia Niu , Dongxia Wu , Yian Ma , Rose Yu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a dominant paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) reasoning, yet its reliance on external verifiers limits its scalability. Recent findings suggest that RLVR…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Xin-Qiang Cai , Masashi Sugiyama

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong math reasoning abilities through Reinforcement Learning with *Verifiable Rewards* (RLVR), many advanced mathematical problems are proof-based, with no guaranteed way to determine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Haotong Yang , Zitong Wang , Shijia Kang , Siqi Yang , Wenkai Yu , Xu Niu , Yike Sun , Yi Hu , Zhouchen Lin , Muhan Zhang

Training large language models (LLMs) for complex reasoning via Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is effective but limited by reliance on costly, domain-specific supervision. We explore Reinforcement Learning from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xuandong Zhao , Zhewei Kang , Aosong Feng , Sergey Levine , Dawn Song

Video diffusion models have made rapid progress in perceptual realism and temporal coherence, but they remain primarily optimized for plausible generation rather than verifiable reasoning. This limitation is especially pronounced in tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Tinghui Zhu , Sheng Zhang , James Y. Huang , Selena Song , Xiaofei Wen , Yuankai Li , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Large language models (LLMs) excel at logical and algorithmic reasoning, yet their emotional intelligence (EQ) still lags far behind their cognitive prowess. While reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards (RLVR) has advanced in other…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to achieve remarkable reasoning in domains like mathematics and coding, where verifiable rewards provide clear signals. However, extending this paradigm to financial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Rui Sun , Yifan Sun , Sheng Xu , Li Zhao , Jing Li , Daxin Jiang , Cheng Hua , Zuo Bai