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Observational causal discovery is only identifiable up to the Markov equivalence class. While interventions can reduce this ambiguity, in practice interventions are often soft with multiple unknown targets. In many realistic scenarios, only…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-05 Mingxuan Zhang , Khushi Desai , Sopho Kevlishvili , Elham Azizi

Many complex networks in natural and social phenomena have often been characterized by heavy-tailed degree distributions. However, due to rapidly growing size of network data and concerns on privacy issues about using these data, it becomes…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-19 Young-Ho Eom , Hang-Hyun Jo

Stochastic volatility processes with heavy-tailed innovations are a well-known model for financial time series. In these models, the extremes of the log returns are mainly driven by the extremes of the i.i.d. innovation sequence which leads…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-03-25 Anja Janssen , Holger Drees

A central issue in the theory of extreme values focuses on suitable conditions such that the well-known results for the limiting distributions of the maximum of i.i.d. sequences can be applied to stationary ones. In this context, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-02-07 Helena Ferreira , Marta Ferreira

Multivariate extreme value theory is concerned with modeling the joint tail behavior of several random variables. Existing work mostly focuses on asymptotic dependence, where the probability of observing a large value in one of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-11 Michaël Lalancette , Sebastian Engelke , Stanislav Volgushev

Discovering causal relations among observed variables in a given data set is a major objective in studies of statistics and artificial intelligence. Recently, some techniques to discover a unique causal model have been explored based on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-01-23 Takanori Inazumi , Takashi Washio , Shohei Shimizu , Joe Suzuki , Akihiro Yamamoto , Yoshinobu Kawahara

Causal discovery between collections of time-series data can help diagnose causes of symptoms and hopefully prevent faults before they occur. However, reliable causal discovery can be very challenging, especially when the data acquisition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Haonan Chen , Bo Yuan Chang , Mohamed A. Naiel , Georges Younes , Steven Wardell , Stan Kleinikkink , John S. Zelek

We propose a novel machine learning approach for inferring causal variables of a target variable from observations. Our focus is on directly inferring a set of causal factors without requiring full causal graph reconstruction, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jang-Hyun Kim , Claudia Skok Gibbs , Sangdoo Yun , Hyun Oh Song , Kyunghyun Cho

Skeleton-based multi-entity action recognition is a challenging task aiming to identify interactive actions or group activities involving multiple diverse entities. Existing models for individuals often fall short in this task due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yuhang Wen , Mengyuan Liu , Songtao Wu , Beichen Ding

Existing approaches to causal discovery often rely on restrictive modeling assumptions that limit their applicability in real-world settings, particularly when data are heavy-tailed or contain a mixture of discrete and continuous variables.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-25 Juraj Bodik , Valérie Chavez-Demoulin

Causal discovery from observational data is a fundamental task in artificial intelligence, with far-reaching implications for decision-making, predictions, and interventions. Despite significant advances, existing methods can be broadly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jincheng Zhou , Mengbo Wang , Anqi He , Yumeng Zhou , Hessam Olya , Murat Kocaoglu , Bruno Ribeiro

We examine a distributional fixed-point equation related to a multi-type branching process that is key in the cluster sizes analysis of multivariate heavy-tailed Hawkes processes. Specifically, we explore the tail behavior of its solution…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-04-07 Jose Blanchet , Roger J. A. Laeven , Xingyu Wang , Bert Zwart

Recent work has shown promising results in causal discovery by leveraging interventional data with gradient-based methods, even when the intervened variables are unknown. However, previous work assumes that the correspondence between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Gonçalo R. A. Faria , André F. T. Martins , Mário A. T. Figueiredo

In several different fields, there is interest in analyzing the upper or lower tail quantile of the underlying distribution rather than mean or center quantile. However, the investigation of the tail quantile is difficult because of data…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-21 Takuma Yoshida

We propose a fully Bayesian approach for causal inference with multivariate categorical data based on staged tree models, a class of probabilistic graphical models capable of representing asymmetric and context-specific dependencies. To…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-06 Andrea Cremaschi , Manuele Leonelli , Gherardo Varando

The statistical theory of extremes is extended to observations that are non-stationary and not independent. The non-stationarity over time and space is controlled via the scedasis (tail scale) in the marginal distributions. Spatial…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-10 John H. J. Einmahl , Ana Ferreira , Laurens de Haan , Claudia Neves , Chen Zhou

Gaussian scale mixtures are constructed as Gaussian processes with a random variance. They have non-Gaussian marginals and can exhibit asymptotic dependence unlike Gaussian processes, which are asymptotically independent except in the case…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-01-31 Raphael Huser , Thomas Opitz , Emeric Thibaud

Multivariate time series in domains such as finance, climate science, and healthcare often exhibit long-term trends, seasonal patterns, and short-term fluctuations, complicating causal inference under non-stationarity and autocorrelation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Muhammad Hasan Ferdous , Md Osman Gani

Missing data are an unavoidable complication frequently encountered in many causal discovery tasks. When a missing process depends on the missing values themselves (known as self-masking missingness), the recovery of the joint distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Jie Qiao , Zhengming Chen , Jianhua Yu , Ruichu Cai , Zhifeng Hao

To distinguish Markov equivalent graphs in causal discovery, it is necessary to restrict the structural causal model. Crucially, we need to be able to distinguish cause $X$ from effect $Y$ in bivariate models, that is, distinguish the two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-19 Daniel Klippert , Alexander Marx
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