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Small and medium-sized enterprises are considered an essential part of the EU economy, however, highly vulnerable to cyberattacks. SMEs have specific characteristics which separate them from large companies and influence their adoption of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Alireza Shojaifar , Samuel A. Fricker

The purpose of research: Detection of cybersecurity incidents and analysis of decision support and assessment of the effectiveness of measures to counter information security threats based on modern generative models. The methods of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Leonid Legashev , Arthur Zhigalov

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in natural language understanding and generation have sparked interest in their potential for cybersecurity applications, including password guessing. In this study, we conduct an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Mohammad Abdul Rehman , Syed Imad Ali Shah , Abbas Anwar , Noor Islam , Hamid Khan

Cybersecurity organizations are adapting to GenAI integration through modified frameworks and hybrid operational processes, with success influenced by existing security maturity, regulatory requirements, and investments in human capital and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Christopher Nott

Micro and small enterprises (SMEs) remain structurally vulnerable to cyber threats while facing capacity constraints that make formal compliance burdensome. This article develops a governance design model for proportionate SME…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Roberto Garrone

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing (NLP), providing versatile capabilities across various applications. However, their application to complex, domain-specific tasks, such as cyber-security,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Matan Levi , Yair Alluouche , Daniel Ohayon , Anton Puzanov

The growing demand for computer security and the cyberization trend are hallmarks of the 21st century. The rise in cyber-crime, digital currency, e-governance, and more, is well met by a corresponding recent jump in investment in new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Robert Ramirez , Nazli Choucri

Studies in socio-technical aspects of security often rely on user studies and statistical inferences on investigated relations to make their case. They, thereby, enable practitioners and scientists alike to judge on the validity and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Thomas Groß

This paper analyzes the proliferation of cybersecurity ontologies, arguing that this surge cannot be explained solely by technical shortcomings related to quality, but also by a credibility deficit - a lack of trust, endorsement, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Antoine Leblanc , Jacques Robin , Nourhène Ben Rabah , Zequan Huang , Bénédicte Le Grand

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in social contexts such as emotional companionship and customer service, measuring their social intelligence has become critical to the quality and safety of human-AI interaction.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yunjin Qi , Zhaojun Jiang , Xuan Wu , Hanxi Pan , Yixuan Wang , Yanfang Liu , Xiang Ji , Churu Yu , Chunyuan Zheng , Yingze Chen , Jie He , Liuqing Chen , Zaifeng Gao

Open Source Software (OSS) security and resilience are worldwide phenomena hampering economic and technological innovation. OSS vulnerabilities can cause unauthorized access, data breaches, network disruptions, and privacy violations,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Nafis Tanveer Islam , Gonzalo De La Torre Parra , Dylan Manual , Murtuza Jadliwala , Peyman Najafirad

Risk is the best known and perhaps the best studied example within a much broader class of cyber security metrics. However, risk is not the only possible cyber security metric. Other metrics such as resilience can exist and could be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-12-31 Zachary A. Collier , Mahesh Panwar , Alexander A. Ganin , Alex Kott , Igor Linkov

Several recent works have argued that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be used to tame the data deluge in the cybersecurity field, by improving the automation of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) tasks. This work presents an evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Emanuele Mezzi , Fabio Massacci , Katja Tuma

Large language models are increasingly used as planners for robotic systems, yet how safely they plan remains an open question. To evaluate safe planning systematically, we introduce DESPITE, a benchmark of 12,279 tasks spanning physical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Tao Zhang , Kaixian Qu , Zhibin Li , Jiajun Wu , Marco Hutter , Manling Li , Fan Shi

Background: Cyber offences, such as hacking, malware creation and distribution, and online fraud, present a substantial threat to organizations attempting to safeguard their data and information. By understanding the evolving…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Claudia Peersman , Emma Williams , Matthew Edwards , Awais Rashid

Cybercrime has grown exponentially in both scale and sophistication, posing significant threats. As attack methods evolve rapidly, traditional classification schemes often fail to capture the complexity and diversity of modern threats. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Melissa Pappy , Linh Nguyen , Suman Kumar , Byungkwan Jung , Bernard Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable advancements in specialized fields such as finance, law, and medicine. However, in cybersecurity, we have noticed a lack of open-source datasets, with a particular lack of high-quality…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yao-Ching Yu , Tsun-Han Chiang , Cheng-Wei Tsai , Chien-Ming Huang , Wen-Kwang Tsao

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is crucial in today's cybersecurity landscape, providing essential insights to understand and mitigate the ever-evolving cyber threats. The recent rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Md Tanvirul Alam , Dipkamal Bhusal , Le Nguyen , Nidhi Rastogi

Cybersecurity threat and risk analysis (RA) approaches are used to identify and mitigate security risks early-on in the software development life-cycle. Existing approaches automate only parts of the analysis procedure, leaving key…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Katja Tuma , Romy Van Der Lee

Although machine learning is widely used in practice, little is known about practitioners' understanding of potential security challenges. In this work, we close this substantial gap and contribute a qualitative study focusing on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Lukas Bieringer , Kathrin Grosse , Michael Backes , Battista Biggio , Katharina Krombholz